Shallow drilling technology can rapidly penetrate different types of substrate layers and accurately collect representative substrate samples. Therefore， in this study， the GJ240-2S drilling rig was used in JNZK04 drilling well for surface matrix survey with depth of 20m in Yutai County， Shandong Province. The technical methods and application value of shallow drilling technology in surface substrate investigation were systematically explored. By combining core logging， sample collection and analysis， and geophysical methods， key information such as the vertical matrix types and structure characteristics of the substrate layer can be obtained. The applicability in surface substrate investigation was verified and its advantages were summarized. The shallow drilling technology can provide strong technical support for surface substrate investigation.