Due to the construction quality problems, large area leakage and piping occurred in a red mud reservoir dam during the test run. On the basis of the analysis on the causes of the leakage, the leakage was effectively controlled by the emergency reinforcement measures of putting up additional geomembrane on inside dam slope, additional curtain grouting diaphragm wall for upstream of dam axis, additional drainage ditch and drainage prism for downstream dam slope. According to the complexity and unevenness of dam construction materials, the suitable drilling construction technologies and parameters, grouting methods, grouting pressure, grouting segments determination and water cement ratio were obtained according to the grouting test before construction, the grouting effect was ensured.