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    Volume 51,2024 Issue 5
      综述
    • WANG Ying, LI Yuxiao, ZHANG Kai, LI Fuqiang, LIU Xiao

      2024,51(5):1-11, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.001

      Abstract:

      With the continuous development of the exploration, development and utilization of deep mineral resources, the bottom environment of the hole is more complex. Pregnant diamond bit, as a special tool for geological drilling, the complex deep hard rock geological environment also puts forward higher requirements for the performance of pregnant diamond bit. The efficiency and life of crushed rock of pregnant diamond bit are closely related to the performance of broken rock unit. This paper summarizes the research status of drilling wear response of pregnant diamond bit in deep hard rock drilling. At present, the research is not perfect, so further in-depth analysis is needed to clarify the response mechanism. On this basis, discusses the innovation of broken rock unit in recent years, the emphasis from the internal structure and the analysis of different reinforcement way of the cutting unit strength, wear, drilling efficiency, the results show that it can effectively improve the deep hard rock pregnant drill cutting efficiency and working life. From the perspective of prolonging lifespan and increasing efficiency, this paper discusses the direction of strengthening the broken rock unit of impregnated diamond drill bits suitable for deep hard rock drilling, providing reference for the design and manufacturing of impregnated diamond drill bits for deep geological drilling.

    • LIU Shu, LI Wenjie, LI Lijia, LUO Yongjiang, TAO Rui, LI Xiaoxuan, YANG Yahui

      2024,51(5):12-23, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.002

      Abstract:

      Natural gas hydrate is a type of solid clean energy with huge reserve, which is therefore considered as a substitute for traditional fossil fuels and have attracted much attention around the world. Due to its occurrence in low-temperature and high-pressure marine and permafrost environments, the key to achieving commercial exploitation is to find out economical and efficient exploitation methods. Based on the current research status of laboratory research, numerical simulation, and on-site experiments, the exploitation effects of methods such as depressurization, heat injection, chemical inhibitor injection, CO2 displacement and combination method were analyzed, and the advantages and limitations of each method were discussed. The existing exploitation methods are mainly limited by low reservoir permeability and poor thermal conductivity, and have not been able to achieve long-term continuous gas production. To address the above issues, the in-situ resistance heating method for reservoirs is proposed to improve thermal utilization efficiency, and it is believed that hydraulic fracturing and permeability enhancement technology is an effective measure to increase reservoir permeability and assist in efficient gas production through production methods such as depressurization; Regarding the potential instability of reservoirs caused by hydrate exploitation, it is believed that the use of CO2 replacement method can strengthen the reservoir, and the use of supercritical CO2 injection technology can improve the CO2 replacement rate.

    • 支撑新一轮找矿突破战略行动专题
    • GAO Ke, LIU Zhenghao, QIN Xiaolin, WEN Yumin, ZHANG Zongzheng, LI Xu, ZHAO Yan

      2024,51(5):24-35, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.003

      Abstract:

      With the gradual depletion of shallow underground resources, people gradually seek energy from deeper parts of the earth. In order to coping with the harsh environment of underground formations during drilling, a self-balancing drilling system and a bionic self-propelled drilling tool feeding system are proposed to move the pressure drive unit underground. In this paper. In order to solving the problems of how to increase the efficiency of the support mechanism in the self-propelled feed system, the surface of the drag-enhancing mechanism of the self-propelled feed system is designed bionically by analysing the non-smooth structure of the head surface of the dung beetle. The drag-enhancing performance and the damage to the well wall are simulated, and the friction and wear performance is tested experimentally to study the drag-enhancing and wear-reducing effects of different bionic structures. The results show that the ratio of the spacing of the dung beetle head bumps to the diameter of the dung beetle head is around 1.50, the ratio of the diameter of the middle bumps to the length of the corresponding dung beetle head ranges from 1:142 to 1∶133, with a higher probability near 1∶138, the ratio of the diameter of the two side bumps to the length of the corresponding dung beetle head ranges from 1∶173 to 1∶158, with a higher probability near 1∶167. The proportion of the bumps in the middle part was about 45%, and on both sides was basically the same; the spacing of the bionic structure design had a good drag-enhancing effect when the ratio of the spacing to the diameter of the bionic structure was around 1.50. Under the condition of the same diameter of the convex packs, the larger the spacing was, the greater the damage to the wall of the wells. The orthogonal triangular layout was the best layout for the drag-enhancing effect of bionic units, and a rectangular layout increased the damage to the wall of the wells, at the same time, reduced the drag-enhancing effect; Concentric circular arrangement has the greatest damage to the well wall and the worst drag-enhancing effect.

    • CHEN Xiaojun, SONG Gang, WANG Shijun, HAN Zelong, ZHAO Ming, ZHANG Xin, TIAN Yingying

      2024,51(5):36-43, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.004

      Abstract:

      Aiming at the problems of low drilling efficiency and low coring efficiency of hard rock coring tools in ocean drilling, this paper introduces the basic development and land test of ?185mm hollow screw motor bottom hole power rope coring tool developed by the Institute of Exploration Techniques, CAGS. In the development process, through theoretical calculation and Ansys Workbench finite element simulation, the spiral structure of the hollow screw motor is optimized and the dynamic analysis is carried out. The force safety analysis of the universal joint is carried out, and the material is optimized. The key technologies such as multi-head small offset short pitch hollow rotor and flexible hollow universal joint are overcome. The feasibility of the working performance of the prototype of the coring tool is verified by the coring test of granite block on land, which provides the guidance of working parameters and the optimization of matching drill bit for the engineering application of this coring tool. It can provide hard rock coring technical support for ocean drilling and deep scientific drilling in China.

    • ZHANG Qi, GAN Chao, CAO Weihua

      2024,51(5):44-51, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.005

      Abstract:

      Ocean drilling is a major means for the exploration and development of marine energy resources and the study of crustal tectonic evolution, which is often faced with problems such as large disturbances in complex sea state and strong uncertainty in seafloor formation. This paper proposes an online interval prediction method for ROP during the ocean drilling process, and carry out the validation of the method with the indoor simulation experiment of micro drilling ship as an example, so as to lay an important foundation for the engineering application. Firstly, methods such as data resampling, data time-depth matching and data filtering are applied to pre-process the multi-source ocean drilling data. Secondly, methods such as Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are applied to establish a point prediction model of ROP. Furthermore, nonparametric estimation method is utilized to construct confidence intervals, establish ROP interval prediction model, and carry out ROP interval prediction. Finally, the interval prediction model parameters are updated online by moving window to realize online learning and optimization of the model. The comparative results of the indoor simulation experiments on the micro drilling ship verify that the proposed method has strong ROP prediction capability and robustness, and can provide a new engineering solution for the optimization and control of ROP during the ocean drilling process.

    • QIN Rulei, CHEN Haowen, LI Yunjun, GAO Jieyun, HE Guolei, XU Benchong, YIN Guoyue, LIANG Nan, SU Xianghui, LIU Xin, QIN Bowen

      2024,51(5):52-57, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.006

      Abstract:

      The deep sea mud lifting system plays a critical role in the Riserless Mud Recovery (RMR) drilling process. In order to enhance the safety redundancy and adaptability of the lifting system, in-depth research on the multi pumps series parallel mechanism was conducted, including the detailed study of the series parallel structure design and working principle of the mud lifting pump, and the relationship between flow rate and lift during series and parallel operation, as well as the mathematical method and graphical method for series parallel operating points of the pump group. Furthermore, by utilizing the measured characteristic curve of the model pump, the Q-H characteristic curve and operating points of the dual pumps series parallel operation were obtained using graphical method. Finally, suggestions for dual pumps collaborative control were proposed.

    • WANG Zufan, LI Yazhou, YANG Gansheng, ZHANG Kai, WANG Jin, ZHOU Zheng

      2024,51(5):58-66, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.007

      Abstract:

      It is of great significance to carry out subglacial bedrock core drilling in polar regions for studying subglacial geology, revealing the evolutionary history of ice sheets and evaluating future climate change. The temperature of the drilling fluid may rise above 0°C after circulating at the bottom of the hole When drilling subglacial bedrock in polar regions, which may cause the wall of the icy hole to be melted during upward return, resulting in the instability of the wall, and even triggering the stuck drilling accident. It is necessary to design a drilling fluid cooling system that cooling the drilling fluid to a lower temperature before injecting it into the borehole, thereby keeping the drilling fluid below 0℃ at all times during circulation. The heat exchanger is the core component of the drilling fluid cooling system. The paper selects plate heat exchanger as the heat exchange component to cool drilling fluid, and uses the average temperature difference method to determine the heat exchange area and basic parameters, then numerical simulation of the heat exchange performance of the plate heat exchanger is using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 software. The research results show that the heat exchanger can cool the drilling fluid to -4~-3℃. Further, the simulation results show that the outlet temperature of the drilling fluid decreases with the decrease of the carrier refrigerant injection temperature and the increase of the carrier refrigerant flow rate, the type of drilling fluid has a great influence on the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, while the material of the heat exchanger plate has little influence.

    • DENG Yingying, SUN Pinghe, XIA Yuhongye, XU Yong, PU Yingjie, ZHANG Xinxin, ZHANG Chen, ZHANG Hangsheng, ZHANG Shaohe

      2024,51(5):67-76, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.008

      Abstract:

      The fracture leakage channel in fractured formation usually has multi-scale characteristics and uncertainty. The drilling fluid leakage problem is particularly prominent in the construction of geological drilling in fractured formation. Shear Thickening Fluid (STF), as a new type of intelligent material, has excellent properties such as self-sensing, self-adaptation and self-repair, and has been widely used in many fields. In this study, shear thickening fluid was used as a plugging material, and the plugging characteristics of shear thickening fluid were investigated under different dispersed phase concentrations (56.9vol%, 59.2vol% and 61.7vol%), slit widths (1,2,3,4,5mm) and pressure conditions through the plugging test of API plugging instrument. The plugging test results show that the amount of leakage increases with the increase of seam width and time. When the concentration of nano silica increases in the range of 56.9%~61.7%, the leakage rate will be reduced and the effect of the gap width on the leakage rate will be weakened. When the leakage pressure is 0 MPa, the shear thickening fluid does not produce thickening effect, but leaks out from the seam in the form of liquid. When the pressure increases slightly, the thickening effect will be stimulated, and agglomeration particles will be generated to seal the seam pipe and reduce the leakage rate. When the pressure further increases beyond the bearing capacity of the sealing layer, the shear-thickening fluid is extruded out of the fracture in a plate form. The application of shear-thickening fluid in plugging field is expected to provide innovative solutions for plugging in fractured formation.

    • BAI Jun, WANG Sheng, LAI Kun, XU Shiyi, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jie

      2024,51(5):77-84, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.009

      Abstract:

      Under the dual influence of the extremization of drilling construction conditions and the industrial transformation brought about by the development of new-generation information technologies, the intelligence of drilling technology has become an inevitable trend in the development of drilling technology. Intelligent drilling, in line with the needs of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, utilizes the theories and methods of information technology to transform and enhance traditional drilling models and technical systems, achieving digital empowerment and digital transformation of drilling projects, thereby becoming the core driving force for the development of drilling technology. In this context, this paper focuses on the critical issue of intelligent rock mass recognition based on real-time drilling key parameters, providing a comprehensive overview of non-core sampling in-situ rock mass testing technology based on the drilling process. Finally, it offers an outlook on the intelligent development of drilling engineering. By reviewing the latest technologies and research progress in this field, a new recognition system for deep fusion of process-physical multimodal information during drilling is proposed, aiming to realize intelligent identification of rock and soil masses during the drilling process and improve the quality and efficiency of major infrastructure engineering investigation.

    • CAO Zhicheng, CHEN Qiu, CUI Junyan, XIE Jingyu, ZHANG Weiqiang, JIANG Guosheng

      2024,51(5):85-92, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.010

      Abstract:

      Hydraulic fracturing of hot dry rock(HDR) reservoirs to form a complex network of seams is essential for the construction of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). In order to deeply understand the mechanism of hydraulic fracture extension in HDR reservoirs and reveal the influence of engineering and geological parameters on hydraulic fracture extension, in this paper, a HDR reservoir in the Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province is taken as the research object, and based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) numerical simulation software ABAQUS, a field-scale HDR reservoir model is established to realize the thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling and to analyze the extension mechanism of the hydraulic fracture. The results show that: (1) In the normal fracture-type stress state, the crack undergoes a very obvious turning toward the Z-axis, in the strike-slip-type stress state, the crack expands mainly along the horizontal direction with a slight tendency to turn toward the Z-axis, and in the thrust-type stress state, the crack expands along the horizontal direction. (2) With the increase of elastic modulus crack initiation pressure decreases, the injection pressure of crack extension also decreases; the larger the elastic modulus the earlier the crack initiation time; the larger the Poisson ratio the greater the rupture pressure of hydraulic cracks; the rupture pressure as a whole shows a normal fracture-type>strike-slip-type>thrust-type. (3) The hydraulic fracture rupture pressure decreases with the increasing temperature, by about 2~3MPa or so, showing the same trend for all three stress states. This paper inriches the numerical simulation methods of hydraulic fracturing extention for HDR, the relavant research results can also provides technical supports for the prediction of the hydraulic fracturing extention and the influences affected by different perameters for HDR reservoirs.

    • YE Huibing, ZHANG Suobang, HU Shenghua, HONG Yi, LIU Hangming, CHEN Weibao, LIANG Wubao, WAN Yuhang

      2024,51(5):93-100, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.011

      Abstract:

      In the process of geothermal well exploitation, the transient high temperature caused by wellbore thermal fluid has a great impact on the mechanical properties of casing. This paper calculates the wellbore temperature and pressure field based on the steady-state heat conduction mathematical model of casing cement sheath formation rock, establishes the mathematical model for the mechanical evaluation of the interaction between middle-deep layer geothermal exploitation heat release and casing, and carries out the finite element calculation and experimental simulation of the influence of geothermal exploitation heat release on casing damage. The following conclusions are obtained: under the action of geothermal exploitation wellbore heat release, the casing has a large ovality, which weakens the collapse strength of the casing. When the internal pressure reaches 90MPa and the temperature in the casing is 30℃, the stress distribution on the inner wall is extremely uneven under the condition of different formation radial pressures, with the maximum difference of 560MPa. The stress is distributed in layers along the circumference, and a large range of stress concentration areas appear on the side subject to the formation radial pressure. With the increase of temperature, the displacement contour of casing changes little, and the maximum displacement increases slightly. When the temperature reaches 120℃, the casing is in a relatively harsh thermal environment. The increase of thermal stress leads to serious plastic deformation of the casing. At the same time, when the internal pressure increases to 120MPa, the inner wall of the casing is in a high stress state as a whole, which is more likely to lead to plastic failure of the wall. The research results can provide guidance for the influence of heat release from geothermal exploitation on casing damage, and for the evaluation of casing stress environment, cement sheath strength, cement sheath micro gap width and other parameters.

    • YUE Yongdong, TAN Chunliang, RAN Lingjie, ZHU Qiang, SU Xingtao

      2024,51(5):101-107, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.012

      Abstract:

      The new round of strategic action for mineral exploration breakthrough has put forward higher requirements for drilling technology, and the shallow drilling technology is of great important for rapid verification in shallow cover area. Moreover, the multi-technique drilling technology can provide technical supports for green and efficient drilling in complex formations. Based on this requirement, the TGQ-200RC multi-technique automatic drill is developed. The overall schedule of the drill is formulated, and the main components of the drill are designed such as the multi-techniques power head, clamping and unscrewing device, 6-DOF drill rod swinging mechanism, vehicle-mounted integrated hydraulic rod storage, electro-hydraulic control and parameter monitoring system. Furthermore, the process of multi-mechanism collaborative action during automatic adding and removing drill rods was planned. The field test shows that the TGQ-200RC drilli has high drilling efficiency, good sampling quality, and features of multi-technique capability, mobility, automation, and digitization, the average time for a single automatic adding or removing of drill rods is about 90s. With the wireless remote control, it can achieve unmanned operation in the wellhead, effectively reducing labor intensity and improving operational safety. The TGQ-200RC multi-technique automatic drill can provide solid support for building a green, efficient and economical rapid verification drilling technology system, and useful reference for promoting the automated upgrading of domestic shallow drilling equipment.

    • PAN Deyuan, HE Qianping, CAI Jun, ZHOU Chengjian, LAI Xiaobin

      2024,51(5):108-114, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.013

      Abstract:

      With the increase of mineral resources exploration requirements in resent years, the depth of core drilling is rising and the encountered formations are more and more complex. In order to get the ore body in the target area accurately to realize the geological purposes, the requests to control the drilling trajectory is higher. In some working areas of the Xuefenghu structural belt, the dip angle is large with frequent alternation of the soft and hard layers and broken strata. The stratum deflection is serious during the practical construction. As the hole depth increases, the deviation from the ore body in the target area become larger, which affects the exploration accuracy and quality of the mineral resources. In this paper, through deeply analysing the formation deflection, the primary directional technology and the full-hole drilling tool technology are used in the ZK1001 drilling construction, which greatly improves the quality of the borehole and better controlling the drilling trajectory. Moreover, different core drilling tool combinations in different hole sections are tested, some opinions and suggestions for optimizing drilling tool assemblies are put foward, which provides technical reference of drilling trajectory control for coring hole in the working area.

    • WANG Pengfei, GUO Yaoxin, ZHAI Yufeng, WANG Luzhao, YANG Fang, SONG Baojie, WANG Xiuhui

      2024,51(5):115-121, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.014

      Abstract:

      The 3500m extra-deep hole (ZK001 hole) in Xiaoqinling gold mine field is located in Lingbao City, Henan Province. It is the first full-hole continuous coring extra-deep hole in the Xiaoqinling tectonic belt. The formation lithology of this hole is very complicated, with soft, hard and broken strata appearing interactively, and the wall protection is extremely difficult. There are many complicated conditions in drilling, such as hole wall collapse, block loss, hydration decomposition and pulping, high in-situ stress gouge shrinkage and micro-fracture water loss. In this paper, the flushing solution system is adjusted according to the formation changes. The upper part uses low solid phase flushing solution and the lower part uses low solid phase polymer anti-collapsing flushing solution system. The flushing solution formula is constantly optimized, the performance parameters are timely maintained and adjusted, and various problems in the hole are effectively solved. It provides a reliable flushing fluid technology for deep hole core drilling in Xiaoqinling area.

    • CHENG Yuehan, ZHANG Tongde, ZHAO Zhan, FAN Lasheng, QIAN Feng

      2024,51(5):122-129, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.015

      Abstract:

      Well Chuanmaye 1 is a shale gas parameter well deployed in Mabian, Sichuan. When drilling to 3437.58m, there were drilling complexs and sealed with cement after the first stage of treatment was unsuccessful. This article proposes a three hole open hole section sidetracking technology scheme for the complex situation of Well Chuanmaye 1. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the sidetracking force near the drill bit position, combined with the actual situation, the sidetracking point, sidetracking method, and sidetracking tool combination were optimized, and the sidetracking technical measures were determined. After two rounds of sidetracking construction, the construction difficulties such as lack of adjacent well data, large sidetracking depth, complex formation prone to collapse, high temperature and formation strength in the sidetracking section, small inclination of the original wellbore, and limited sidetracking direction were overcome. Finally, a new wellbore was drilled and reached the predetermined depth. Provided reference for subsequent drilling construction and complex treatment in the region.

    • 钻探技术与装备
    • BI Chenguang

      2024,51(5):130-137, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.016

      Abstract:

      The accumulation of cuttings bed in the wellbore is one of the main factors restricting the safe and efficient drilling of horizontal wells. Research has shown that the spiral flow of drilling fluid in the annulus can effectively improve the efficiency of cutting removal. For this purpose, a rock debris removal tool capable of generating annular spiral flow was designed using CFD numerical simulation and experimental methods, and on-site application was also carried out. The results showed that the promoting effect of the V-shaped blade on cutting transport and disturbance ability on the cutting bed is stronger than that of the spiral and straight edged blades, making it the preferred structural form for generating annular spiral flow. There is an optimal range for the length of V-shaped blades, and the higher the blade height, the better the effect, while the number of blades has a weaker impact. The on-site application shows that the cutting removal tool meets the requirements of shale gas horizontal well operation in terms of strength, hardness, and blade wear resistance. The tool can destroy and remove the cutting bed while drilling. Combined with reaming operations on key sections where the cutting bed accumulates during the tripping process, it can effectively remove the stubborn large particle cuttings and improve the borehole cleaning effect.

    • ZHANG Yu

      2024,51(5):138-144, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.017

      Abstract:

      The directional drill pipe in coal mine is subjected to bending, torsion, vibration, tension and other loads in the hole, and the fracture accident often occurs in the construction process. The main reason for the fracture of drill pipe is stress concentration. Based on the resistance strain measurement, this paper builds a full-size physical stress test platform for directional drill pipe, conducts tensile stress tests on drill pipe joints, and plots each experimental data into stress distribution curves. The results show that the stress of drill pipe pin is greater than that of drill pipe box, and the maximum stress of drill pipe pin and box is at the position of tooth 3. The correctness of the simulation model is verified by the stress distribution trend and the stress value of each tooth, and a method to verify the drill pipe simulation model is provided. The experimental data and stress distribution curve in this study provide reliable data support for the finite element simulation of drill pipe.

    • TONG Zhaojun, LIU Heng, LUAN Baokun, QIAO Hongguo, JIANG Shan, ZHANG Hai, HAN Hailiang

      2024,51(5):145-153, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.018

      Abstract:

      With the deepening of exploration and development of deep geological resources in China, deep mineral deposits have become the focus of geological prospecting work. In the process of deep prospecting and drilling, the problem of maintaining the straightness of the vertical well section in the high steep structure has been a major problem for drilling technicians, which seriously affects the exploration efficiency of deep mineral deposits. In the inclined section, the single bend bistable screw drill is the most commonly used anti-deviation and correction drill assembly. In this paper, a mechanical model of BHA is established based on the crossbar bending beam method and the principle of equilibrium trend. The influence law of each factor on the deviation correction ability is analyzed through the model, and the main control factor is determined by the orthogonal test design method. Finally, based on the theory of multi-objective optimization, a multi-objective optimization method for control parameters of fast drilling is established to obtain the optimal parameter combination. Based on the above research, a set of anti-skew and straightening optimization design method is developed to improve the drilling efficiency of the vertical well section of the high steep structure, and promote the efficient and low-cost drilling and development of deep mineral deposits.

    • 工程实践与应用
    • LIU Junhui, LI Xiaodong

      2024,51(5):154-162, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.019

      Abstract:

      The potential for uranium exploration in the Miaoershan area of Guangxi is enormous, but part of the formations are complex, with large thickness of water-sensitive and broken formations. During drilling construction, difficulties such as hole wall collapse and excessively large bore diameter occur frequently, leading to frequent accidents in the hole, which seriously affect the construction progress. Therefore, mineral composition and microscopic characteristics of water sensitive cores in the area were analyzed. The analysis results show that there are a large amount of clay minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, hydromica, etc. in the water-sensitive formations, and the microcracks are developed with serious hydration expansion. To solve above problems, new materials with film forming and wall protecting functions were optimized through indoor evaluation experiments, and a drilling fluid system with good wall protection performance was further developed, which consists of 5% film-forming agent A, 3% film-forming agent B, 1.5% modified asphalt, 1% plugging agent while drilling, 1%sealing agent, 0.6% viscosifier, 0.2% coating agent. The API filtration loss of this drilling fluid is 5~8mL, and the relative expansion reduction rate reaches over 87%. This drilling fluid can effectively inhibit hydration expansion of the water-sensitive formations, and the wall protection effect is significant. This technology has been successfully applied in three boreholes in the Miaoershan area, smoothly drilling through water-sensitive formations without any problems such as core dispersion or hole wall collapse. Good application results have been achieved, and a film forming and wall protection drilling fluid technology has been preliminarily formed for water-sensitive formations in this area.

    • SUN Sishi, LI Qiaobin, ZHONG Jiu’an, ZANG Peng

      2024,51(5):163-168, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.020

      Abstract:

      The strata where the receiving end of air shaft shield is located in a subway section of the North China Plain is mainly silty clay, clayey silt and silty fine sand from top to bottom, with high underground water level and strong liquidity. After being reinforced by high-pressure rotary jet grouting at the receiving end, it was found that there is still a risk of water and sand inrush using horizontal exploration holes. The water and sand surging is easy to happen in the gap between the tunnel doors when the cutterhead of the shield tunneling machine break through the tunnel door. To ensure the shield machine smoothly passing out of the tunnel, the method of surface sleeve valve pipe grouting is adopted, and the GX modified silicon grouting material is used to consolidate the fine sand. Targeted reinforcement grouting is carried out in the receiving end of the interval air shaft within the water-rich fine sand formation. After treatment by such technology, the shield machine successfully excavated without any water or sand inrush.

    • 地学科普
    • WANG Yuewei, WANG Wen, LIU Zhi, LIANG Jian, GAO Pengju, XUE Qianbing, QI Liqiang, LIANG Nan

      2024,51(5):169-175, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.05.021

      Abstract:

      Among various drilling methods, hydraulic impact rotary drilling is characterized by its high efficiency, good quality, long cycle times, few accidents, and low costs. The hydraulic down-hole hammer is the technological core of hydraulic impact rotary drilling. This article organizes the structural features of various hydraulic down-hole hammers and explores the various drilling tools which derived from the combination of hydraulic down-hole hammers, wireline coring and downhole motor drilling tools. The typical application cases of this technology are briefly introduced, and the the future development direction and technical challenges are also summarized in order to popularizing the application and promoting the advancement of hydraulic impact rotary drilling technology.

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    • RESEARCH PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS OF LONG-TERM OBSERVATION DEVICES FOR OCEAN SCIENCE DRILLING AND EXPLORATION WELLS

      LYU Yang, XIONG Liang, TIAN Lieyu

      Abstract:

      Ocean scientific drilling is an important means of scientific exploration and research of the ocean floor, and has extremely important significance in many fields such as earth science, life science, and resource exploration. CORK (downhole long-term observation device) is an important supplement to ocean scientific drilling. Ocean scientific drilling mainly obtains core samples, while CORK focuses on long-term in-situ observation of drilled holes, which can fully utilize the drilling resources after drilling and achieve the transformation from short-term sampling to long-term dynamic observation of the seabed environment. Over the past few decades, the technological means of developing underwater observation equipment have also been continuously improved in this process. CORK has derived four new versions based on the initial development of CORK, which have evolved from single layer sampling to multiple layer sampling and can also perform in-situ testing. The new round of ocean drilling program led by our country is about to be implemented, and it is urgent to increase the research and development efforts of CORK technology, use our own resources and talents to build an underwater CORK observation system, and lay a solid foundation for quickly entering the ranks of world maritime powers.

      • 1
    • Research Progress of Oil Shale Reservoir Reconstruction Technology

      WANG Wenxuan, ZHAI Lianghao, XUN Yang, Li Hao, Peng Zhaocui, Xiao Huguo

      Abstract:

      Oil shale reservoir is a kind of sedimentary rock rich in organic matter. The proven reserves of oil shale resources in China rank third in the world. Realizing the commercial development of oil shale resources is one of the important measures to ensure the energy security of our country. Oil shale in-situ conversion process has the advantages of green environmental protection, small footprint and can develop deep oil shale resources. it is an important technical means to realize the efficient development of middle and deep oil shale resources. This paper introduces the application and research results of hydraulic fracturing technology, supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing technology, acidizing fracturing technology and clear water fracturing technology in the process of in-situ exploitation of oil shale, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of four kinds of reservoir reconstruction technology. Meanwhile, the current applications and progress of hydraulic fracturing technology in experimental research, numerical simulation and pilot test project were highlighted. Finally, the deficiency and future development direction of oil shale reservoir reconstruction technology are discussed.

      • 1
    • Research and Application of Multiple Leakage Layers Plugging Without Tripping Out Based on Fast Circulating Valve

      wuxia

      Abstract:

      Complex geological factors such as fractures, faults, weak surface structures in unconformity contact, and multiple pressure systems in Sichuan Chongqing region result in multi-layers and multi-mechanisms leakage in same open hole. In order to solve the problems of long plugging time caused by slow establishment of pumping channels for large-diameter plugging materials under traditional mode of replacing drilling tool assemblies for plugging operations and limited on-site application caused by poor stability of existing plugging tools. A repeatable on-off fast circulating valve that allows large-diameter plugging materials to pass through has been developed based on the working principle of quickly establishing a plugging channel by switching flow channels through ground injection of work balls. Through specific optimization designs of tool size, sliding sleeve structure, ball seat structure, basket and working ball group structure, the stability of tool structure is enhanced while matching the wellbore size and performance requirements of high-risk leakage section. It is allowed to use maximum material particle size of 10mm and maximum plugging slurry concentration of 40%. Based on the characteristics of different leakage type in long open hole section, a technical method for rapid plugging with fast circulating valves has been proposed, which involves multiple plugging methods for multi-leakage points encountered in longitudinal drilling and segmented plugging method for multi-leakage points simultaneously. The method can achieve plugging up to 5 leakage layers without tripping out and on-site test improved the efficiency of plugging operations by 74% and reduced the cost of plugging.

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    • Construction of Shallow Pore Pressure Profile and Exploration of Drilling Technology in Karst Landform Areas

      MENG Xianglong, Li Dayong, WANG Shengjian, Chi Huanpeng, ZHU Disi, YUE Weimin, ZHANG Jiazheng

      Abstract:

      During the drilling process of shallow strata in karst landform areas, a large number of complex situations such as leakage and water inflow occur. The widely developed fracture and cave network in the strata forms fluid migration channels, and the pressure difference between drilling fluid and formation water is also an important influencing factor. Conventional pore pressure prediction methods cannot effectively characterize shallow pore pressure. To explore the actual distribution of shallow pore pressure in karst landform areas, a shallow pore pressure profile based on the actual distribution of groundwater was constructed based on hydrogeological and fluid mechanics principles. The effectiveness of the profile was verified using the Qianxi exploration well drilling example. The results showed that there were multiple pressure zones in the shallow layer of karst landform areas, which were closely related to the distribution of groundwater: there was no pore pressure above the groundwater level; The calculation of pore pressure in the groundwater layer should be based on the groundwater surface, which is a typical low-pressure zone; The pore pressure of a confined aquifer depends on the difference in location between the recharge and discharge zones, and may manifest as high pressure, low pressure, or normal pressure. Analyzed the adaptability of plugging materials, clean water drilling, and air down the hole hammer drilling in karst landform areas. It is recommended to fully utilize hydrogeological data in drilling design to construct shallow pressure profiles, select drilling processes or drilling process combinations based on this, and determine the depth of drilling for each opening to avoid complex drilling situations and improve drilling efficiency. This study can provide reference for the design and implementation of drilling projects in karst landform areas.

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    • The Application of Dual-polymer Anti-collapse Drilling Fluid for Drilling in The Covering Layer

      yufuan, liuweiping

      Abstract:

      During the drilling process in the covering layer of Zhumadian area in Henan Province, drilling encountered the Quaternary clay layer, the sandy mudstone, the loose sandstone and mudstone interbedded with uneven thickness, difficult drilling wall protection, and prone to accidents such as block jamming, hole collapse and burial, taking core difficultly. Based on the geological and stratigraphic conditions and the drilling construction data within the area, the dual-polymer anti-collapse drilling fluid was used. Through the on-site application of the dual-polymer anti-collapse drilling fluid, the stability of the hole wall was good during the drilling process in the long open hole well section, without any incidents of falling or collapsing. The core monitor rate met the geological design requirements with reducing the depth of casing insertion and saving construction costs.

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    • Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of CDH-125 Valve-less Pneumatic Down-the-Hole Hammer Impact System

      Guo Naiming, Wang Qingyan, Luo Chaochun, Zhong Weiling, Li Haoxuan

      Abstract:

      This paper studies the impact dynamics process of the CDH-125 pneumatic down-the-hole (DTH) hammer, accurately analyzing the force state during the motion of the valveless distribution piston. Subsequently, based on the finite difference method, the thermodynamic and dynamic differential equations of the DTH hammer during its working process are iteratively solved to obtain the dynamic working characteristics of the DTH hammer piston and air chambers. These characteristics include the relative relationship between piston displacement and velocity, and the pressure and temperature exchange relationships in the front and rear air chambers. The results obtained from the finite difference method were compared and validated using the multiphysics simulation software SimulationX, showing a maximum speed discrepancy of 3% for the piston stroke, 19% for the return stroke, and 5% for the working frequency. Based on these results, further calculations and analyses of the gas viscous friction force between the piston and the inner cylinder were conducted. The results indicate that, compared to the ideal situation with non-viscous fluid, the viscous friction force reduces the working frequency of the DTH hammer by 0.15% per working cycle and increases the maximum energy consumption of the piston stroke by 0.05-1.34J per cycle. The impact of viscous friction on the dynamic performance of the DTH hammer cannot be ignored.

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    • Failure analysis of PDC spherical cutter for drill bit

      Zhao Hongchen, Meng Dezhong, Xu Liang, Ye Hongyu, Yue Wen

      Abstract:

      As one of the key technologies in the exploration and development of geothermal resources, the efficiency and effect of DTH hammer drilling largely depend on the performance of the drill bit, especially the quality and life of PDC spherical cutters. In response to the current issues such as low drilling efficiency and short service life due to the breakage, detachment, and severe wear of cutter in air-assisted percussive drill bits. This paper conducts a macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the PDC spherical cutter, investigates the causes of failure and the failure mechanisms, and proposes targeted measures for improvement. The results show that the main failure modes of PDC spherical cutters are tooth fracture, wear and fall off. The main reason for the failure of the cutter is that the cutter is damaged by tangential impact compression and normal tensile stress at the same time, while the poor performance of the cutter material itself, and the combination strength of the diamond layer and the cemented carbide matrix are also important reasons for the failure. In order to improve the performance and service life of PDC spherical cutters, the stress burden of the cutters can be reduced by optimizing drilling parameters and adjusting external operating conditions. In addition, innovation and improvement of the material formulation, structural design and manufacturing process of PDC spherical cutters is also an effective way to improve its impact resistance and wear resistance. Through these comprehensive performance improvement methods, the reliability of PDC spherical cutters can be effectively improved, thus improving the operational efficiency of downhole drilling and the service life of the bit.

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    • Design and analysis of continuous circulation valve

      CUI Shuying, CHEN Xiaojun, CHEN Genlong, ZHAO Ming, TIAN Yingying, ZHANG Xin, HAN Zelong

      Abstract:

      The continuous circulation valve can maintain the continuous circulation of drilling fluid when drilling is stopped, which can effectively solve the sediment at the bottom of the hole and the fluctuation of pressure at the bottom of the hole, especially for the horizontal drilling of oil and gas in the sea. In this paper, a continuous circulation valve is designed, the structure and working principle of the continuous circulation valve are introduced, the force analysis and structural optimization design are conducted on the strength of the body under extreme working conditions, and the side opening of the bypass valve with a safety factor greater than 1.5 times was selected; A finite element stress analysis is conducted on the bypass valve, which comprehensively analyzed the stress distribution and sealing pressure. The influence of changes in the half cone angle of the sealing pair and the thickness of the valve on the stress and sealing effect of the bypass valve is obtained. The half cone angle of the sealing pair and the thickness of the valve are selected, and the bypass valve sealing test and body strength test are conducted, proving that the strength and sealing performance of the continuous circulation valve meet the actual usage requirements.

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    • Research on geothermal reservoir types and formation damage mechanism

      LU Wei, WANG Jinliang, GU Chao, wanguangnan, ZHANG Han

      Abstract:

      The research on the formation damage mechanism of conventional petroleum reservoirs is relatively well-established, but there has been a lack of attention towards the type classification and formation damage mechanism of geothermal reservoirs. Currently, only two types of geothermal reservoirs - sandstone and karst - are recognized in the exploration and development of geothermal resources. Because of the unclear concept and type of reservoir, the incorrect drilling method, drilling fluid selection and wrong resource assessment are caused. Furthermore,there is no formation damage mechanism and damage assessment criteria, so that the geothermal well completion process is missing, and leads to small water volume, low temperature, and even abandonment.On the basis of a large number of geothermal engineering, this paper focuses on the research of geothermal reservoir types and formation damage mechanism, aiming at the outstanding problems and referring to the conventional petroleum reservoirs research results. Researches show that: (1) Geothermal reservoirs can be categorized into four types: porous, fissure, karst, and compound type; this categorization allows for more accurate drilling methods, selection of drilling fluids,and resource assessment.(2) The main modes of thermal reservoir damage are porosity blockage or failure in the structure; among these factors,damage caused by intrusion from drilling fluid as well as staticand dynamic pressure from liquid column within wells are inevitable common problems.

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    • Construction Technology Discussion of Ultra-long Horizontal Directional Pre-grouting Boreholes

      WANG Yihong, YANG Zengzhi, SHAO Dongmei, WANG Zhaoyang, LI Longbiao, CHANG Xishun, CHEN Xiaojun

      Abstract:

      In the periphery of long and deeply buried tunnels of water conservancy projects, along the tunnel axis of a wide range of fracture zones and water-rich areas, the use of the ground more than 1,000 meters of horizontal directional drilling pre-grouting ahead of the management, to achieve a good effect of the surrounding rock reinforcement and gushing water blocking, is a successful attempt in the water conservancy industry. This paper introduces the successful experience of drilling ultra-long horizontal directional pre-grouting holes with screw drilling tools in a project, and discusses the difficulties of powder removal in ultra-long horizontal drilling holes, coping with the problem of “back pressure”, the interference of strong magnetic field with the drilling measurement system, the measures of green exploration, as well as the problems of insufficient adaptability of drilling rigs, low efficiency of hard-rock drilling, and the influence of grouting on drilling in operation, etc. and the measures to solve them. and measures to solve the problems. The project has 4 main holes and 6 branch holes, the longest hole is 1427m, and the drilling workload is 8737.89m. The implementation of the project proves that the current directional drilling technology has the ability to drill accurately over long distances, which can provide a guarantee for the pre-grouting and over-treatment of the complex strata of the ultra-long tunnels and the related drilling projects.

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    • Research on a Drill Rate Prediction Model Based on Feature Selection Integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization

      XU Zhihua, JIANG Jie, ZHOU Changchun, LI Qian, REN Jun

      Abstract:

      Traditional drilling speed prediction models have often been constrained by issues such as high data dimensionality and feature correlation, resulting in limited efficiency and accuracy of drilling speed prediction. To address these issues, a drilling speed prediction algorithm model based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with integrated feature selection has been proposed in this paper. Based on data preprocessing, three key parameters, threshold_1, threshold_2, and threshold_3, have been chosen as optimization targets, and a fitness function has been constructed by combining historical data and the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, thereby establishing the drilling speed prediction model. Subsequently, the proposed drilling speed prediction method has been validated using actual drilling data and compared with traditional machine learning algorithm models. Experimental results have shown that the proposed Particle Swarm Optimization-based integrated feature selection algorithm has achieved higher efficiency and accuracy in feature selection. The accuracy of the four machine learning drilling speed prediction models trained using the optimized integrated feature selection results has been improved by 59%, 1%, 3%, and 1%, respectively, compared to before optimization, and by 24%, 2%, 4%, and 3%, respectively, compared to models trained using all features. This paper has provided an effective feature selection method for cases where too many feature parameters have been extracted in drilling engineering, and it offers significant guidance for the practical application of feature selection algorithms in the engineering field.

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    • Development and performance characterization of PVA modified PLA fiber composite geothermal temporary sealing cement

      CUI Xiyue, TAN Huijing, CHEN Yao, ZHENG Yuntian, WANG Yuhao, YE You

      Abstract:

      Formations with developed fractures are more likely to receive better water supply, and severe leakage during drilling requires the use of cement for sealing, but this can easily cause reservoir damage problems. In this paper, a geothermal temporary plugging cement is developed based on degradable fibers, which has a low permeability during drilling, plays the role of wall protection and plugging, and partially degrades to provide a channel for the output of geothermal fluids after the completion of the well. Based on the preparation, modification and characterization of PVA-coated PLA fibers (PVA-PLA), the effects of the modified fibers on the performance of the cement paste and the performance of cemented cement stone before and after high-temperature hot-water immersion was investigated and the mechanism. The results showed that: the regulation of the degradation properties of polymer fibers can be achieved by coating, heat treatment and silane modification; the compressive strength of PVA-PLA fiber cementite at 60℃ was 19.8MPa at maximum, and the porosity was 28.88% at maximum after immersion at 90℃, which was most in line with the requirements of low-temperature plugging and high-temperature unplugging; the coating of PVA at 60℃ reduced the contact between PLA and cement matrix, and the PVA-PLA fiber cementite at 90℃ was more suitable to the requirements of low-temperature plugging and high-temperature unplugging. The PVA membrane dissolved and PLA exposed to cement alkaline environment was hydrolyzed and consumed during hot water immersion at 90℃, which resulted in the formation of more >200nm pores in the cement stone. The PVA-PLA fibers remain intact and plug with the cement stone at low temperature, and the fiber degradation at high temperature forms a channel inside the cement stone and unblocking, which can support the broken pore wall and at the same time, realize partial unblocking of geothermal wells under high temperature hydrothermal conditions.

      • 1
    • Research on the Pick Arrangement Pattern of Rotary Drilling Buckets Based on Pick Cutting Test

      maning, huyawei, xiezhiyong, xiaodangui

      Abstract:

      During the construction of rotary drilling rig, the efficiency of rock drilling is closely related to the pick arrangement of core barrel. The key pick arrangement parameters of core barrels are studied by using pick cutting test system. Three-dimensional load, crushing volume, deformation displacement, broken morphology and other data were collected during the test process. From multiple dimensions such as crushing specific power, cutting resistance, load fluctuation, and pick spin, the controlled variable method is applied to conduct pick cutting experiments, quantitatively evaluating the effects of cutting angle, tooth deviation angle, cutting sequence, tooth tip height difference, and tooth tip trajectory spacing on rock cutting. Research has shown that there is an optimal combination of tooth arrangement parameters that match the geological properties. Taking drilling into granite formations as an example, the optimal range of tooth arrangement parameters was determined, which are: cutting angle 68-72 °, tooth deviation angle 5-15 °, skip cutting, tooth tip height difference of about 3 mm, and tooth tip trajectory spacing of about 30 mm. According to the test results, the drilling efficiency is increased by 13.64% and the cost of unit footage is reduced by 39.13%. The research results are of great significance for guiding the arrangement of the core barrels, reducing the gear loss and improving the drilling efficiency.

      • 1
    • Design of deepwater pressure simulation testing system based on KingView and PLC

      LIU Xiaolin, GAO Jieyun, WANG Jiarui, CHEN Haowen

      Abstract:

      In deep-sea drilling, deepwater instruments’ water tightness and pressure resistance should be verified by pressure simulation testing system before launched. So deepwater pressure simulation testing system is often used. This article improves the traditional deepwater pressure simulation testing system, the improved system"s electrical control part is mainly composed of King View and PLC. The system uses PLC as the lower computer, and through its built-in A/D module, combined with pressure sensors, it can collect pressure signals. Users can set parameters and preset programs, and control the on-off of the pump and the valves through digital outputs, contactors, etc. The system provides auto-manual dual-mode. By combining the PLC serial port with the Bluetooth serial port transmission module, remote device display can be achieved. KingView was developed as the upper computer, to communicate with the lower computer via serial port based on Modbus RTU protocol, develops a human-machine interaction interface through configuration programming, realizes pressurization, pressure holding, and unloading setting for the entire process of pressure simulation testing, as well as monitoring the testing process, displaying pressure curves, and reporting forms. The deepwater pressure simulation testing system has the advantages of friendly Human-Machine interface, intuitive simulation monitoring, complete functions, reliable performance, convenient operation, safety, and scalability.

      • 1
    • Mechanical Characteristics of Flexible Shaft in Flexible Motor Load Transfer

      GUO Qiang, ZHANG Delong, YANG Peng, WENG Wei, WU Shuo, JIN Bo

      Abstract:

      Flexure shaft is a key component for torque transfer between the joints of ultra-short radius flexible motor units. Aiming at the failure phenomena such as fracture of flexure shaft in the drilling process of ultra-short radius flexible motor, this paper carries out mechanical modelling and design strength checking of the internal flexure shaft of the flexible motor, uses finite element simulation to carry out stress analysis on the stress state of the flexure shaft in the torque transmission process of the flexible motor, and tests the mechanical properties of the flexible motor through indoor tests to analyse the mechanical properties of flexure shafts. The results show that the root and spline contact surfaces of the flexure shaft are the stress concentration areas in torque transmission, and the fatigue life of the flexure shaft can meet the requirements of continuous downhole operation. The finite element analysis and indoor tests show that the flexure shaft can transmit torque of 500N·m, which can realise the internal torque load transmission of the flexible motor under alternating bending and torsional stresses. This provides an important theoretical basis for the drilling process of ultra-short radius flexible motors in the development of horizontal wells, and provides a new type of technical means to improve the drilling length and drilling efficiency of the horizontal section of ultra-short radius horizontal wells.

      • 1
    • Numerical Simulation Analysis and Optimization of Process Parameters in the Cementing Process of Gas Hydrate-bearing Sediments in Deep Water Oil and Gas Wells

      WANG Xiaoyu, ZHENG Mingming, WU Shuang, YAN Shichun, MA Ting, TANG Chengxiang

      Abstract:

      The South China Sea has been confirmed to be rich in oil and gas resources as well as natural gas hydrate resources. However, hydrate-bearing formations are often encountered during the drilling of oil and gas wells. Cementing is a critical step in oil and gas development. In deepwater drilling, the heat released during cement hydration can potentially induce hydrate decomposition, compromising formation stability and even affecting cementing quality. This study utilized numerical simulation methods, focusing on the hydrate-bearing formation at the SH7 site in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea GMGS-1 project. A numerical model for cementing was established to analyze the issues caused by cement slurry invasion into hydrate-bearing formations and the impact of cementing process parameters. The study found that an increase in cement hydration heat release rate significantly advanced the onset of gas and water influx, as well as increased its volume. The cementing pressure differential had a minor impact on the influx phenomenon, but it suppressed the influx when exceeding a certain threshold. Prolonging the pressure maintenance period significantly delayed the initiation of influx and reduced its volume. Therefore, it is recommended in practical engineering to use low-heat cement, extend the pressure maintenance period, and avoid excessively high cementing pressure differentials in the early stages to minimize hydrate decomposition and mitigate the occurrence of influx. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the cementing of hydrate-bearing formations, which is of great significance for enhancing the safety and efficiency of cementing operations.

      • 1
    • Finite element numerical simulation analysis of packer-type expansion pipe

      Liyunpeng, Yinfei, sunxiao, Fengjianyue, Liuyi, Chenzhiang, Zhengyunfei

      Abstract:

      The packer expansion tube technology has been developed for the hydrogeological exploration of wall protection and the repair of damaged well pipes. It has the characteristics of low cost and simple process. In order to make the packer meet the requirements of the expansion pipe, the expansion mechanism of the packer is improved. The packer is used to test the pipes with different properties. According to the test results, 316L stainless steel is selected as the expansion pipe. In order to study the relationship between the expansion pressure and the change of the length and thickness of the expansion tube during the two expansions of the packer-type expansion tube, the expansion process of the expansion tube with Φ219 mm and wall thickness of 4 mm was numerically simulated by Abaqus software to obtain the change of stress and strain during the expansion process, and field tests were conducted on the expansion tube with the same specifications. Then comparing the simulation results with the test results, it is concluded that the simulation results are basically the same as the actual demonstration results, indicating that the numerical simulation results can be used as a reference for the actual construction.

      • 1
    • Experimental study on the thermal characteristics of dry drilling of diamond coring bits

      SHEN Lina, LI Chun, ZHAO Yi, LIU Hailong, WU Haixia, ZHANG Jianyuan

      Abstract:

      Dry drilling has little impact on the environment. In the absence of cooling medium, it can effectively solve the problem of borehole coring when drilling some water or drilling fluid reacts or produces new pollution, so this method is one of the important means of exoplanets sampling. However, exoplanets object drill bits were mostly alloy drill bits, which had certain limitations for drilling into hard rock formations. Diamond drilling is a relatively advanced rotary drilling technology, which is widely used in oil and gas exploration and geological exploration, and is a powerful tool for drilling hard rock formations. In this paper, the dry drilling tests of diamond drill bits were carried out for hard granite, and the influences of drilling parameters and bit types on the thermal characteristics during the drilling process is discussed. The results show that: (1) The heating rate of PDC drill bits is lower than that of conventional diamond coring bits, which is about 1/2 of that of impregnated diamond bits; (2) PDC coring bits can be a way for the dry drilling of granite under suitable process parameters; (3) The rotary speed has a great influence on the temperature rise of diamond bits in dry drilling, and it shows a nonlinear growth trend; (4)The cooling curves of drill bits in air show an exponential downward trend. During the cooling from 300°C to 100°C, the cooling rate ≥ 60°C/min. The research results can provide a basis for the scientific design and rational use of dry drilling bits.

      • 1
    • Research on dual liquid plugging method based on thixotropic slurry

      龚浩宇, Ren peigang, Zhang furong, Ma di, Xie bingxi, Fan haijiao

      Abstract:

      Aiming at serious leakage problems such as crack type and karst cave type, a dual liquid method is proposed for plugging. Specifically, it is a new type of plugging technology that injects two or more fluids with different properties into the wellbore at the same time, and uses the thixotropy generated by the mixed fluid to seal the lost circulation layer. In order to study the plugging performance of mixed fluid and obtain the best plugging formula, organic gel solution is used to prepare cement slurry indoors, and mixed with Bantu slurry in different proportions. The thixotropy of mixed slurry is measured by hysteresis loop method to evaluate its plugging performance. The results show that when the dosage of organic gel is 0.08% bwoc, the cement slurry prepared by organic gel solution and 0.25% Bantu slurry are mixed at a ratio of 10:1.8, the slurry has the best plugging performance, and the compressive strength after curing can meet the requirements of on-site construction.Field application shows that the combination of cement slurry prepared with organic gel solution and bentonite slurry has good plugging effect.

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Metadata retrieval
Sponsor:China Geological Survey
Organizers:China Mining News & Institute of Exploration Techniques, CAGS
Edited Published:Editorial Office of Drilling Engineering
Master Edit:SUN Youhong
ISSN:2096-9686
CN:10-1730/TD
Postal code:2-333