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CUI Lize, WANG Yu, WU Chuan, KONG Lingrong, SU Shida
2025,52(4):1-9, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.001
Abstract:
Three-dimensional （3D） trajectory measurement technology for underground pipelines plays a vital role in ensuring pipeline construction safety， accident prevention， and emergency response. The 3D trajectory measurement of pipelines encompasses three phases： pre-construction， during construction， and post-construction. This paper systematically reviews the current research progress in 3D trajectory measurement technology for underground pipelines. Pre-construction trajectory measurement primarily employs geophysical detection technologies， such as electromagnetic detection and ground-penetrating radar （GPR）. During construction， handheld guidance devices are widely used for trajectory monitoring， while post-construction measurement relies on dedicated trajectory measurement instruments. This paper analyzes the fundamental principles， technical status， and application challenges of these methods， and discusses the advantages of integrated detection approaches. Future development directions include digital twin systems for real-time drilling monitoring， multi-method fusion， intelligent cloud-based IoT platforms， and 3D trajectory virtual reality visualization technologies， all aimed at improving measurement accuracy， efficiency， and intelligence. This study aims to provide references for further research and applications of 3D trajectory measurement technology for underground pipelines.
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TANG Fenglin, LU Huazhang, ZHAO Rongxin, DRURAEV R.U., LI Bo, LIU Hao, DUAN Longchen, CHIKHOTKIN V.F.
2025,52(4):10-16, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.002
Abstract:
Russia is a country with a vast territory. There are permafrost rocks underground in the northern part of Russia and in Siberia. In the permafrost rocks there are mineral resources， which are explored and developed urgently and that must be supported and confirmed by drilling engineering. In the engineering construction of these areas， it is necessary to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the underground rocks by drilling engineering. The problem in drilling engineering is the effect of flushing fluid on the ice in the rocks， leading to collapse of the rocks and the borehole wall and the frequent occurrence of accidents. Russian specialists have proposed to use a vortex cooler to make the temperature of the cold compressed air lower than that of the bottom-hole rocks， and sending the cold air to the bottom of the hole in order to guarantee normal drilling and safe construction， increase the penetration rate and raise the bit footage. Good technical and economical results have been obtained. In China， there are also permafrost rocks and seasonal frozen rocks. The drilling technology in permafrost rocks with flushing by cold compressed air in Russia has certain reference value and practical significance for China.
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WEN Dayang, TIAN Jin, ZHAO Hu, FENG Yingtao, CUI Ce, ZHENG Shaojun, LIU Tianle
2025,52(4):17-25, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.003
Abstract:
To explore novel methods for enhancing natural gas hydrate reservoirs， microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation （MICP） technology was carried out consolidation experiments and flow simulations on simulated formation samples. Initially， the artificially prepared hydrate formation samples were consolidated using microbial solutions. Triaxial testing equipment was then used to assess the strength of the consolidated samples， revealing an increase in cohesion and friction angle from the initial 3.7kPa and 34.7° to 42.3kPa and 35.6°， respectively. Then， scanning electron microscopy， XRD， and CT analyses were performed on the samples， the calcium carbonate precipitated comprised both calcite and aragonite crystal forms. Concurrently， the samples'' porosity decreased from 46.38% to 28.12%， and the equivalent pore throat radius shrank from 110.39μm to 67.93μm. Bacterial fluid flow and calcium carbonate formation within the formation were obtained by numerical simulations. The carbonate precipitation was semi-circular， progressively diffusing into the formation''s interior， with a maximum radial diffusion range of approximately 1.6 meters. And its content steadily increased throughout the reaction， reaching a maximum of about 102 kg/m3. Meanwhile， the formation''s porosity and permeability decreased by 5.6% and 35% after two days， respectively. The resulting impact on the subsequent hydrate production rate can be mitigated by expanding the production pressure differential.
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LIU Xilong, QI Yun, XIE Pengfei, SUN Qian, ZHANG Guobiao, LI Bing
2025,52(4):26-36, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.004
Abstract:
Natural gas hydrate muddy siltstone reservoirs are characterized by weak cementation and low strength. Hydrate decomposition reduces the strength of the reservoir and the width of the seepage channel decreases or even closes. The “double-added” reforming slurry is a type of slurry that can enhance the strength and permeability of the reservoir after curing， but the rheological properties of the double-added slurry differ greatly from those of the fracturing fluids and it does not contain sand， and the influence mechanism of the construction parameters of slurry splitting on the expansion of the slurry in the shot-hole clusters is not clear yet. In this paper， a two-dimensional hydrate reservoir fracturing grouting numerical simulation model is established based on the extended finite element method to study the influence of shot hole parameters and fracturing mode on fracture expansion. The results show that： the stress field induced by the cluster spacing of injection holes has a greater influence on the fracture extension when the cluster spacing of injection holes is small， and the slurry extension becomes obvious， and with the increase of the cluster spacing of injection holes， the stress interference between clusters decreases gradually， and the original geostress plays a main role in the direction of the slurry extension； the more the number of injection holes under the same cluster spacing， the stronger the stress interference between clusters is， and the smaller the cluster spacing of injection holes is； the distance of the slurry extension under the synchronous splitting mode is not uniform， and the sequence splitting and intersecting splitting modes are not uniform， and the distance of slurry extension under the simultaneous splitting mode is not uniform. In synchronized fracturing mode， the distance of slurry expansion is not uniform， and when fracturing in sequence and alternating fracturing， the previously formed cracks will be gradually squeezed， and the width of the cracks will gradually become smaller， which increases the fracturing pressure of the subsequent shot hole clusters， and is not conducive to the fracturing of the reservoir. The results of the study provide a reference basis for the design of fracture grouting in natural gas hydrate reservoirs.
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GU Huaimeng, ZHENG Shaojun, LIU Tianle, XU Hao, WAN Tao, DAI Tian, JIANG Guosheng
2025,52(4):37-45, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.005
Abstract:
In the process of cementing mud slurry preparation， ultra-high mixing speed tends to introduce air bubbles， resulting in difficulties in formulating the cement slurry to the correct density， which in turn can adversely affect the slurry properties and the sealing integrity of the cement ring. In this paper， we take the lipid-based defoamer X60L as an example to investigate the effects of different dosages of X60L defoamer （0%， 0.5%， 1%， and 1.5%） on the compressive strength of oil well cement. Combined with thermogravimetric analysis， X-ray diffraction analysis， X-ray micro-computed tomography test and scanning electron microscope test， the changing law of microstructure of cement slurry can be grasped and the mechanism of defoamer’s action on cement slurry can be clarified. The research results show that the compressive strength of cement stone shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing， while the porosity shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The cement stone has the lowest porosity and the highest compressive strength when the defoamer dosage is 0.5%. The larger the porosity of cement stone， the smaller the compressive strength， and the compressive strength and porosity were obviously negatively correlated and conformed to the Schiller’s Function （R2=0.98）. The incorporation of defoamer does not change the mineral composition and hydration products of oil well cement， and it mainly reduces the surface tension of the bubbles to makes it difficult to maintain the bubbles and thus break them. However， with the increase of defoamer dosage， too much defoamer will hinder the contact between water and cement， inhibit the hydration of cement， and introduce the “defoamer holes”， which will lead to the increases of the cement stone porosity and the decreases of the compressive strength.
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KONG Erwei, WANG Lifeng, HAN Zichen, LIU Changye, YANG Xianyu, CAI Jihua
2025,52(4):46-53, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.006
Abstract:
Leakage prevention and plugging of drilling fluid is a key technical measure to ensure drilling safety， protect reservoirs， reduce economic losses， improve drilling efficiency and environmental protection. Due to the limitations of actual observation and experimental conditions in the field， it is difficult to explore the plugging mechanism of leaky formations. In order to better explain the particle plugging mechanism of fractured leaky formations， this study used COMSOL Multiphysics to establish a plugging model for fractured formations， and analysed the effects of particle concentration， particle size and particle gradation on the plugging efficiency of fractured leaky formations， so as to reveal the specific mechanism of particle plugging. The results show that： （1） The plugging efficiency is positively correlated with the particle size. The larger the particle size， the shorter the plugging time under the same concentration. （2） There is an effective blocking range for particle concentration， and effective blocking cannot be formed when the particle concentration is lower than the lower limit of the range， while the increase in concentration has little effect on the blocking efficiency when the particle concentration is higher than the upper limit of the range. （3） The particle gradation can synergistically improve the blocking efficiency and blocking densification. When the concentration of large-sized particles is the same and the mass fraction of small-sized particles concentration is increased by 1%， the final leakage velocity is reduced by 35%； When the concentration of small-sized particles is the same and the mass fraction of large-sized particles concentration is increased by 4%， the formation time of crack bridge plugging is reduced by 50%. The small particles in the plugging particles mainly affect the densification of the plugging layer， while the large particles mainly affect the plugging efficiency.
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JIANG Tianjie, JIAN Guangxiao, LIU Feng, QIN Lu, GAO Minghao, WANG Jiaojiao, MENG Qingwei
2025,52(4):54-60, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.007
Abstract:
Azimuth is a key parameter in well trajectory description， but the conventional measurement with MWD usually exists errors because of the complex geomagnetic field and magnetic field interference. To investigate the impact of bottom hole assembly（BHA） magnetic field interference on azimuth measurement， the interference magnetic field of different drilling tools were measured with a portable magnetometer. On the basis of the interference magnetic field experiment measurement， magnetic pole strength of different drilling tools can be acquired through the data fitting method. With the magnetic pole strength， the interference magnetic field strength can be calculated using the superposition principle， and the azimuth error induced by the interference magnetic field was quantitatively analyzed. According to the experiment results， the interference magnetic field strength along the drilling tool axis exponentially decreases with the added distance and finally goes to zero. Compared to the traditional methods， azimuth error correction using the magnetic pole strengths of drilling tools in this study is more direct and convenient.
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WU Jinghua, Lü Tao, XIE Junge, FENG Haitao, WEI Siping
2025,52(4):61-68, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.008
Abstract:
Geothermal energy is a kind of clean， environmentally friendly and sustainable energy. With the proposal of “dual carbon” goals ， geothermal energy is becoming an important force to achieve the goal of net-zero emissions. With the continuous development of geothermal resources， the number of high-temperature and high-pressure deep geothermal wells is increasing， and the domestic geothermal wells have reached a new depth of 5000 meters. High-temperature and high-pressure environment is easy to cause the strength decline of cementing materials， admixture failure and excessive water loss， so the performance of high-temperature cementing materials is increasingly required. Therefore， a new high-temperature cementing material with excellent slurry stability， controllable thickening time， high stone strength and environmental protection is needed. Through analyzing the mechanism of cementing material components， orthogonal test and range analysis， a kind of high-temperature （120℃） resistant cementing material suitable for medium and deep geothermal wells is developed. The test results show that， the properties of cementing material such as density， water extraction rate， stone rate， thickening time， water loss， channeling resistance， stone compressive strength and flexural strength meet the requirements of cementing engineering in middle and deep geothermal wells.
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CAI Mingjie, FU Qiang, HE Mingmin, CHEN Yousheng, PENG Hao, TAN Leichuan
2025,52(4):69-74, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.009
Abstract:
To improve the strength of the drill pipe in the large-size hole， the ?168.3mm S135 drill pipe was used for the first time in the extra-deep well， which effectively guarantees the safety of the drill pipe. However， various failure forms are still found in the drill pipe inspection. To study the failure causes of the ?168.3mm S135 drill pipe in the large-size hole， the failure causes were identified through tracing the life cycle of the drill pipe， statistical analysis， drill string mechanics analysis and experimental study. The research shows that the main failure types of ?168.3mm drill pipe in large hole are thread wear， drill pipe bending， drill pipe corrosion and fatigue failure. Thread wear is mainly caused by the long use time of drill pipe and repeated make-and-break operations. Besides， the conventional API thread structure also needs to be optimized to improve the thread resistance to wear. The bending of drill pipe is caused by the plastic deformation of drill pipe which is subjected to large bending stress for a long time under large tensile load. The corrosion of drill pipe is caused by the increase in corrosion rate in the environment of air-water-Cl- due to the residual drilling fluid on the surface of drill pipe. The fatigue failure of drill pipe is caused by the obvious stress concentration of drill pipe near drill collar and the large bending deformation of drill pipe in large hole. Based on the analysis of the failure causes of drill pipe， the measures to prevent the failure of ?168.3mm drill pipe in large hole are put forward. The research results can provide guidance for the safe application of S135 steel ?168.3mm drill pipe in extra-deep Wells with large size boreholes.
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HAN Zelong, ZHAO Ming, ZHANG Xin, TIAN Yinyin, WANG Linhao, CHEN Xiaojun
2025,52(4):75-80, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.010
Abstract:
The hollow universal joint is one of the vulnerable components in hollow screw coring drill tools， directly affecting their service life. Based on the traditional solid flexible shaft universal joint， a hollow design was implemented. Finite element software was employed to conduct mechanical analysis of the hollow universal joint， investigating the influences of mechanical and geometric parameters on its mechanical performance. Results showed that compared to conventional flexible shaft universal joints， the hollow universal joint with grouting holes exhibited higher stress and strain at the grouting hole locations， making them prone to damage and failure. The stress distribution in other regions remained consistent with hollow universal joints of the same dimensions without grouting holes， indicating that grouting holes did not alter stress conditions in non-hole areas. Stress demonstrated a proportional relationship with torque， while strain increased with torque but exhibited a diminishing growth rate as torque rose， following a nonlinear pattern. When the grouting hole was positioned 250 mm from the end face， both stress and strain reached minimum values， identifying this configuration as the optimal design. These findings establish a foundation for subsequent development of high-performance hollow universal joints.
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2025,52(4):81-88, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.011
Abstract:
Due to long-term water injection for development adjustment in the Daqing Oilfield， the underground pressure system has become complex， with extensive distribution of abnormally high-pressure zones within the formation. Additionally， the oil reservoirs are characterized by shallow burial depth and low ambient temperatures. These conditions reduce the hydration rate and slow down the structural development of cement slurry during the cementing process， as it is affected by low-temperature environments. Consequently， during the gelling process， the cement slurry is prone to invasion by high-pressure formation fluids， resulting in compromised sealing capacity of the cement sheath. Based on the “crystal nucleus induction” theory， this study synthesized hydrated calcium silicate using a chemical precipitation method to prepare a hydrated calcium silicate sol accelerator （designated as DQZ-1）. Evaluation showed that with a DQZ-1 dosage of 2%~10% ， the 8-hour compressive strength of cement cured at 40°C increased by 39%~153% compared to neat slurry. Microscopic analysis confirmed that DQZ-1 accelerated the formation of cement hydration products， demonstrating excellent early-strength performance in low-temperature environments. To enhance both the low-temperature early strength and anti-channeling properties of the cement slurry system， hydrated calcium silicate and latex components were incorporated. However， issues such as demulsification， settling stratification， and high slurry consistency arose due to their interaction. To address these， polycarboxylate MD was selected， enabling the cement slurry to maintain low initial consistency while achieving significant early strength. Additionally， a polymer colloid X was chosen to impart excellent anti-settling properties to the system. Through rational formulation， a stable early-strength and anti-channeling emulsion composite （designated as DZK） was developed. This composite promotes oil well cement hydration， generating more hydration products. The cement slurry’s performance coefficient （SPN） was lower than 3， and the static gel strength transition time was shortened by 81% compared to the neat slurry. The low-temperature early-strength and anti-channeling emulsion composite was field-tested in 23 adjustment wells in the Daqing Oilfield. It achieved a 100% cementing quality excellence rate， with 96.3% of the oil-bearing sections rated as excellent， demonstrating outstanding field application results.
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LI Zijian, ZHANG Jing, ZHAO Jiangpeng, LI Jian, CHE Lu, XIAO Fugang
2025,52(4):89-95, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.012
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems of high auxiliary workload， high cost， and great safety hazards in connecting roadways and wells in coal mine areas using the “excavating tunnel to locate well” method， as well as the safety hazards of cutting ground borehole pipelines under fire operation underground， an innovative solution of direct penetrating roadway was proposed. The factors affecting safe roadway penetration were analyzed， two-section casing program was optimized， the technical scheme in the penetration state was studied， and the innovative ground pipeline well penetrating roadways technology was formed， transforming “roadway finding well” into “well finding roadway”. According to different working conditions， two types of processes， one-time borehole completion and two-time borehole completion， were proposed to solve the problem of different borehole sizes being completed at once， and avoiding underground secondary excavation. The field trial and promotion application of the technology in Huaibei mining area drainage pipeline well demonstrated that two-section casing program pipeline well penetration roadway process technology is safe， reliable， cost-effective， and effectively reduces the auxiliary workload in underground coal mine. The research results provide an important reference for implementing ground pipeline roadways in different mining areas.
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LIU Xiaolin, GAO Jieyun, DU Yijin, WANG Feihu, SHEN Mao, SONG Zhibin, JIANG Yuhao
2025,52(4):96-102, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.013
Abstract:
The CGJ series casing oscillators are large-diameter casing driven rock and soil drilling equipment successfully developed by the Institute of Exploration Techniques for urban construction. As a type of electromechanical hydraulic integrated equipment， they adopt a PLC-based electronic control system. This article mainly introduces the research and application of the electrical control system based on PLC. Firstly， the functional requirements of the electrical control system are analyzed. Based on the results， the hardware and program design of the electrical control system are carried out so that the electronic control system design with human-computer interaction function is realized， which integrates wireless remote control， remote wire control and emergency manual operation modes. The functional implementation of PLC program design is emphasized， which has certain application value for the research and design of electrical control systems for casing oscillators and similar equipment.
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QU Hongjie, LU Meng, TAN Chunliang, FENG Yuewen, SU Xingtao
2025,52(4):103-110, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.014
Abstract:
Drilling instead of trenching is a technical method that utilizes shallow drilling to replace trenching engineering and improve the level of green exploration. Previous researchers have mainly demonstrated the practicability of this method from the perspective of drilling equipment and sampling technology， and obtained the occurrence data such as the tendency of the planar structure in the hole through the identification and comparison of marker layers in multiple boreholes. However， multiple drilling holes will inevitably increase the disturbance to the environment. Facing the complex rock formations and tectonic deformation areas， the occurrence cannot be calculated because the marker layers can not be accurately identified and compared. Structural analysis and borehole imaging technology can improve the green exploration effect of drilling instead of trenching. In the Xinjiazui gold exploration area of the Western Qinling Mountains， the proportion characteristics of different axial lengths of quartz lenses related to mineralization were identified using structural analysis methods， providing guidance for drilling deployment； In the drilling process， borehole imaging technology was implemented to identify the lithology of the borehole wall and measure the occurrence of the strata and quartz veins. The data were consistent with the adjacent exposed bedrock. The experimental results show that the new method can obtain more accurate and abundant data with less drilling work，improving the level of green exploration compared with the previous method which relies more on drilling engineering. In addition， portable shallow drilling rigs powered by lithium batteries exhibit green characteristics with lighter， safer and more user-friendly performance， and have the value of promotion and application.
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WANG Zhixiang, CHEN Chong, GUO Rulun, CHEN Guopeng, XU Fei, PU Junyi, CI Dan, YUAN Zhonglun, BASANG Ciren, OU Tao, GE Sang
2025,52(4):111-120, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.015
Abstract:
The exploration intensity of oil and gas resources in the Qiangtang Basin is not high， and a large number of blank areas need further exploration. Geological survey wells are an important engineering tool for the investigation and research of oil and gas resources in the Qiangtang Basin. Wireline core drilling technology is commonly used to obtain the high quality in-situ cores and logging channels for the entire borehole， which has gradually replaced the conventional core drilling technology over the past decade. The Qiangtang Basin has a unique geographical location and climatic conditions， with complex geological conditions. The application of wireline coring drilling technology in this area has encountered many construction difficulties. This paper combines the lithological testing data and geological stress conditions to analyze and clarify that the wireline coring drilling process and the non-coring oil and gas drilling process are significantly different in terms of well configuration， drilling parameters， drilling fluid， plugging and surging， thus relevant parameter indicators and practical experience cannot be simply copied. At the same time， typical problems of geological survey wells in the Qiangtang Basin over the years were sorted out and analyzed in detail， aspects such as wellbore stability， drilling fluid， drilling leakage， and engineering implementation are elaborated， which can provide important references for the design and operation of geological survey wells in the region.
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SUN Zhentian, ZOU Zhifei, HE Tiezhu, LI Xiaodong, ZHANG Wenyang, CHEN Jiaxi, KONG Fanyu, WANG Yuxi
2025,52(4):121-128, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.016
Abstract:
During the drilling construction of a geothermal well in Beijing， numerous technical challenges were encountered， including severe mud-making in mudstone， deterioration of drilling fluid performance， hole-wall collapse， and frequent occurrences of pipe sticking and burying accidents. Aiming at the above problems， this paper systematically expounds the improvement scheme of the original drilling fluid system and the engineering application of the bi-polymer anti-collapse drilling fluid. Through laboratory experiments， the performance indexes of the original drilling fluid such as rheological properties， filtration loss， and inhibition were optimized and improved， and the bi-polymer anti-collapse drilling fluid system was gradually transformed from the original drilling fluid and applied on field drilling. The practice has proved that the improved drilling fluid has achieved significant improvements in hole protection effect， rheological characteristics， lubrication performance， and drilling efficiency. The study also points out the limitation such as insufficient efficiency of solid control equipment in the current drilling technology and puts forward targeted technical suggestions， providing an important reference for the drilling fluid design and construction of the similar geothermal well projects.
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TAO Xuewei, ZHANG Kaiheng, LANG Zhenwei, HUANG Shun, FENG Jianye, JIANG Jie, ZHOU Chang
2025,52(4):129-138, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.017
Abstract:
The construction technology of improving the engineering properties and strengthening the strength of fractured rock mass by grouting reinforcement has been widely used in mining and water conservancy projects. In order to study the related effects of various grouting factors and grouting methods on the strength of fractured rock mass in grouting reinforcement， as well as the effects of freeze-thaw action on the engineering properties of fractured rock mass after grouting reinforcement， cement mortar and other materials are used to make similar materials that can simulate the mechanical properties of fractured original rock according to a certain similarity ratio. By controlling the relative variables of slurry water-cement ratio， grouting velocity （grouting pressure）， grouting temperature and other factors， the fractured rock mass is reinforced by grouting with inorganic materials， inorganic composite materials and organic materials respectively. Through the simulation of the climate and other environmental conditions in this area， the relevant tests of various factors are carried out， and then the influence of various factors on grouting reinforcement is analyzed. Finally， according to the test results， the grouting parameters are optimized， and the grouting reinforcement scheme is designed and monitored according to the engineering geological conditions and geological environment of the slope of Zhonglian Runshi open-pit coal mine in Zhundongxiheishan mining area， Xinjiang， which has certain reference significance for slope disaster prevention and control in this area and other open-pit mines with similar geological characteristics and regional characteristics.
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2025,52(4):139-145, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.018
Abstract:
The Gaojiabu Mine in the Binchang mining area is located in the middle of the Huanglong Jurassic Coalfield. The main coal seam is overlaid by the Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer， which is characterized by great thickness， low permeability and uneven water abundance. As the mining depth increases， water hazards in the mine seriously threaten safe production. The existing drainage system is unable to meet the demand and needs to be expanded. Therefore， a centralized drainage system was constructed， in which large-diameter drainage boreholes were implemented， with a borehole diameter of ?950mm and a depth of 810m. A novel method was adopted to fabricate the casing cement buoyancy plug using “casing inner diameter reducer+welded threaded steel ring+prefabricated steel hook”， and 378.8t of drainage pipelines were installed. During the construction in this area， complex geological conditions were encountered， and accidents such as borehole collapse， and stuck pipe due to hole shrinkage were prone to occur. The construction passed through the thick Luohe Formation sandstone aquifer with poor rock drillability in some sections， resulting in low drilling efficiency and high overall project difficulty. To address these issues， this paper proposed targeted solutions such as controlling drilling fluid loss， optimizing drilling assembly， and maintaining drilling fluid performance， which achieved good practical application results and provided a feasible solution for water hazard prevention and control in the mining area.
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2025,52(4):146-153, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.019
Abstract:
Geological disasters in scenic areas not only damage natural landscapes and ecological environments but also pose serious threats to tourists’ safety. This paper introduces the characteristics of collapse geological hazards in Beijing Shimenshan scenic area， systematically analyzes the scale， failure modes， and stability of unstable rock masses. By comparing various treatment methods while considering the scenic area’s location， hazard scale， and internal traffic conditions， comprehensive management measures were proposed including upper-level clearance of loose rocks， bottom retaining walls and hazard avoidance. These integrated solutions aim to maximally protect the scenic area’s natural landscape， ecological resources， and tourist safety while exploring an economically reasonable treatment scheme harmonized with the scenic environment. The research outcomes are expected to provide valuable references for geological hazard management in similar scenic areas.
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HE Zhanhai, ZHANG Zhiqiang, WANG Jieting, CHEN Xiangping, GAO Chengcheng, HU Chaobin, QI Xufeng, ZHANG Changbin
2025,52(4):154-160, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2025.04.020
Abstract:
The post-grouting process of bored piles has been widely used in China because it can improve the bearing capacity and reduce deformation. However， due to the large concealment of post-grouting construction， problems have occurred in many engineering applications. A large number of practices show that the bearing capacity of a single bored pile under the same condition often shows quite differences. Simply calculation according to the pile foundation specification will make the calculated value significantly higher than the static load test results， which brings great safety hazards to the construction project. The comprehensive estimation method proposed in this paper analyzed from several aspects， bringing in the increase amplitude of bearing capacity γ， the bearing capacity enhancement coefficient β， and the cmprehensive impact factor λ， covering the influence of various factors. The calculation formula is simple and easy to understand and the method is convenient and feasible. Moreover， the results are close to the actual after the application verification with high safety reliability， and good application effect.
Volume 52,2025 Issue 4
综述
钻探理论与方法
钻探技术与装备
工程实践与应用
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English Title: Application of Trajectory Correction Technology in Small-Diameter Screw Drilling at Yongwen Daping Mining Area, Guizhou
ZHAO Junjie, XIE Chuan, ZHANG Hengchun, SHI Shanshan, LI Xiaoyang, DENG Tuo
Abstract:
This study systematically investigated the application of deviation correction technologies to address borehole trajectory deviations encountered during drilling operations in the Yongwen Dapeng phosphate mining area. By optimizing the wellbore trajectory control plan and implementing a phased dynamic regulation strategy (e.g., "first reducing inclination, then stabilizing azimuth"), combined with a Φ73 mm bent screw drill tool and a JTL-40GX fiber-optic gyroscopic inclinometer for directional measurement, precise coordinated control of the well deviation angle and azimuth angle was achieved. The results demonstrate that the final deviations of the SJK04, SJK05, and SJK06 boreholes were 9.79 m, 5.91 m, and 11 m, respectively, corresponding to 67 %, 36 %, and 64 % of the permitted design values (deviation limit ≤ 1 %), all meeting engineering accuracy requirements. Notably, directional drilling in the SJK05 borehole reduced the well deviation angle from 4.93° to 1.68° (a reduction of 65.9 %) and adjusted the azimuth angle by 161°. This research provides a technical reference for trajectory control in complex stratigraphic drilling and demonstrates the engineering applicability of the phased regulation strategy.
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Application of Novel Diaphragm Filter Pressing Device in Geological Drilling
yufuan, liuweiping, sunjianyue, wanglizhi, zhangkun, gaojinhua, yanyuhao, zhuyingchang, weidexiang, dangzhicai
Abstract:
The regional geological structure of the Laivu Iron-Rich Mining Area in Shandong is well-developed, with complex and diverse stratigraphic lithology. Influenced by factors such as geological tectonic movements and groundwater activities, various loss channels have formed. Severe drilling fluid loss, frequent accidents such as drill burning, sticking, and breaking occur in the area, leading to high construction difficulty and costs. During the core drilling of three boreholes, multiple formation loss issues were encountered, including groundwater flow channel loss, fissure loss, and karst cave loss. On-site research on plugging countermeasures was carried out, and the drilling tasks were successfully completed by adopting methods such as simultaneous drilling and plugging, stopping drilling for plugging, and drilling against loss. This has accumulated experience for solving complex formation loss problems in the Laivu area.
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Design and analysis of an automatic control system for deep sea drilling pipe support device
GAO Jieyun, LIU Xiaolin, CHEN Yongzhi, WANG Linqing, HE Guolei
Abstract:
During deep-sea drilling operations, when drilling ships or platforms are conducting pipe retraction and extension operations in the moonpool, in order to avoid collisions between the pipe and the drilling platform or moonpool, this paper has designed a pipe support device with a double-layer hydraulic cylinder driven roller mechanism that can effectively constrain the radial displacement of the pipe and buffer the collision force in the moonpool. This article mainly introduces the automatic control system of the support device. The system proposes three identification schemes for couplings to improve the stability of pipe support and the passability of couplings, as well as to cope with complex operating conditions. By building a hardware system with PLC as the main control device and HMI as the upper computer device, combined with PLC main-sub program design and HMI interface design, automatic support of pipes and avoidance of couplings during the retraction and extension process of various specifications of pipes have been achieved. The prototype successfully passed automatic control test of casing coupling identification and support/avoidance through the factory acceptance tests. The machine vision and color recognition solutions achieved 100% identification accuracy, validating the system's feasibility. Furthermore, the automatic control system exhibits excellent adaptability to different pipe specifications, strong functional expandability, and user-friendly operational characteristics.
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Shallow Drilling Techniques and Their Applications in Surface Matrix Investigation: A Case Study of JNZK04 Drilling
SHIKeLiang, CHENZhanSheng, CHEN Lin, LIXuanHui
Abstract:
As the first layer in the stratified model of natural resources, the surface substrate layer serves as the fundamental material supporting and nurturing the surface cover layer. Shallow drilling technology can rapidly penetrate different types of substrate layers and accurately collect representative substrate samples. Therefore, in this study, the GJ240-2S drilling rig was used to conduct a 0-20m depth substrate layer exposure in Yutai County, Shandong Province. Taking the JNZK04 borehole as the research object, the technical methods and application value of shallow drilling technology in surface substrate investigation were systematically explored. Accurately grasping the background status of this area through shallow drilling is a realistic and urgent task. Based on the current status of the surface substrate layer, boreholes were set up in the study area, and the vertical substrate types and structural characteristics within 20m of the surface substrate were revealed through shallow drilling construction. By combining core logging, sample collection and analysis, and geophysical methods, researchers can obtain key information such as the distribution, thickness, and geochemical characteristics of the substrate layer, providing strong data support for surface substrate investigation. This paper summarizes the characteristics of shallow drilling technology, and through the combination of geological background, construction techniques, and data results, presents application examples of shallow drilling technology in surface substrate investigation, verifying its applicability in surface substrate investigation and summarizing its advantages. Shallow drilling technology can provide strong technical support for surface substrate investigation.
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Deep soft soil foundation pit engineering monitoring and engineering examples
Abstract:
In the geomorphic areas of alluvial-plain and limno-lacustrine plain in Zhejiang, thick soft soil strata are widely distributed. Moreover, large-scale basement foundation pit excavation projects are frequent in these areas. Some foundation pit projects are adjacent to rivers, existing roads, and built residential communities, leading to complex surrounding environments of the foundation pits. Due to the engineering characteristics of soft soil, during the construction of foundation pit excavation, it is extremely easy to cause problems such as excessive lateral deformation of the soil around the foundation pit and settlement exceeding the allowable value, which is extremely unfavorable to the protection of the surrounding environment. Therefore, based on the comprehensive consideration of the foundation pit support design scheme and surrounding environmental conditions, formulating a scientific and reasonable monitoring scheme, organizing and implementing various foundation pit monitoring works in a scientific and standardized manner, and carrying out the whole-process monitoring of the foundation pit project are of great importance for ensuring the safety of the foundation pit project. Taking a foundation pit project in Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City as an example, this paper arranges 7 categories of monitoring items for the foundation pit project, designs the layout and monitoring methods of monitoring points according to specifications, and scientifically and reasonably analyzes the foundation pit monitoring data, providing key monitoring data support for the project construction and ensuring the safe and smooth progress of the foundation pit project. Finally, combined with the practical case of this foundation pit monitoring project, the key issues that need to be paid attention to in each stage of the foundation pit monitoring process are summarized and analyzed.
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The green drilling technology method in the technical support of strategic mineral target area verification in the western region
luolong, CAO Zaokai, LIAOLinxiang, YANG Ke, YANG Lei, SUNChangwei
Abstract:
In view of the complex geological conditions and fragile ecological environment characteristics in typical areas of western China, this paper systematically introduces the innovative application and practical effect of green drilling technology. Through the use of portable drilling rigs ( MD-300, GK200, EP800, etc. ) to reduce environmental disturbances, innovative implementation of dual-machine linkage construction mode to improve operational efficiency, and according to local conditions, ecologically friendly transportation methods such as manual handling and cableway transportation are adopted. In the construction process, the key technical measures such as the development and application of environmentally friendly flushing fluid formula, the establishment of recycling system, the use of low solid mud and site anti-seepage treatment are adopted. The results show that the technical system can significantly reduce the pollution of soil and water caused by drilling activities. At the same time, through ecological restoration technologies such as re-grassing and re-tillage, turf reservation and Gobi ecological restoration, the effective restoration of the ecological environment in the drilling area is realized. The research results provide reliable technical support for the coordinated development of resource development and environmental protection in typical western regions.
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Development and Significance of Three Technical Codes Including Technical Code for Directional Drilling in Engineering Investigation
Li Fenglin, Wu Jinsheng, Xin Zongcheng, Li Junping, Zhang Guangxi, Hu Li
Abstract:
With the implementation of national strategies for energy, transportation, and water network development, China""s infrastructure construction has witnessed vigorous growth, establishing the country as the global leader in terms of quantity, scale, and technical complexity of underground engineering projects. Notably, numerous deep engineering projects are located in the mountainous regions of western China characterized by extreme topographical and geological conditions, where construction faces extreme geological environments featuring high altitude, deep burial depths, high stress, high water pressure, high ground temperature, and significant elevation differences. This necessitates the adoption of refined geological investigation methodologies. Existing technical specifications in water resources, power, railway, and transportation sectors prove inadequate for addressing engineering investigation requirements in these complex and hazardous western mountainous areas. Over the past decade, PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited has leveraged its practical experience from major hydropower projects and multiple large-scale pumped storage projects in western China. Through collaborative research with universities and scientific institutions, the corporation has achieved technological breakthroughs in directional drilling for deep engineering applications and wireline coring in thick overburden layers. These innovations have yielded multiple patented technologies, accompanied by the completion of over 20 vertical deep boreholes exceeding 1,000 meters, more than 40 overburden coring boreholes surpassing 300 meters in depth, and 12 ultra-deep directional boreholes. The cumulative drilling workload has surpassed 50,000 meters, providing foundational data for formulating three industry standards: Technical Code for Directional Drilling in Engineering Investigation, Technical Code for Deep Borehole Drilling in Engineering Investigation, and Technical Code for Wireline Core Drilling in Overburden Layers. The establishment and promulgation of these three engineering investigation standards have significantly advanced technical capabilities in deep geological exploration for major infrastructure projects.
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Application of crosslinked gel and cement slurry composite leakage sealing technology in deep salt mines
zouzhifei, Sunhaiyang, Xiongzhengqiang, Liyanning, Pengboyi
Abstract:
During the exploration and development of deep salt mineral resources, the frequent technical challenge of drilling fluid loss features complex formation mechanisms and significant sealing difficulties. Under the combined effects of tectonic stress, groundwater dissolution, and engineering disturbances, reservoirs and near-wellbore zones are prone to developing multi-scale fracture networks and even dissolution cavities, forming a multi-channel seepage system. Taking Well A in Hebei brine extraction project as an example: leakage occurred at 2594m depth, which evolved into an unrecoverable loss scenario with simultaneous influx and leakage in the same stratum at 2598m, severely impacting drilling efficiency. To address this leakage issue, this study employs crosslinked cement slurry composite sealing technology. Leveraging the excellent water isolation properties and controllable crosslinking time of the gel, a network-like separation layer was formed to provide effective support for subsequent cement slurry consolidation. After two sealing operations, the returned drilling fluids reached approximately 80% of the normal circulation volume. This composite technology effectively resolves the adaptability limitations of traditional single sealing materials and offers a novel solution for managing severe leakage in deep drilling engineering.
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Research on Key Technologies for Core Drilling in Complex Geological Conditions at Zhangfushan Mining Area
PAN Deyuan, WAN Dajian, LV Jingzun, 徐秋文
Abstract:
To address the key technical challenges in geological core drilling under complex geological conditions at the Zhangfushan mining area, including upper stratum collapse, surface deformation, groundwater drainage-induced borehole wall instability, and dynamic fluid loss during drilling, this study implemented optimized hole structure design combined with casing-while-drilling technology to mitigate borehole instability. Additionally, an innovative pressure-controlled check valve was introduced to regulate the dynamic pressure of drilling fluid, ensuring safe bit penetration through the upper complex formations. In the lower stable strata, a full-hole wireline coring assembly was employed to achieve precise borehole trajectory control, ultimately successfully penetrating the target ore zones. Engineering practices demonstrate that this integrated approach provides technical references for core drilling in similar geological settings and supports new breakthroughs in deep mineral exploration.
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Key Technology and Application of Long-Distance Horizontal Wire-Line Coring Drilling
Li Fenglin, Wang Hanchang, Xin Zongcheng, Luo Xianliang, Zhang Guangxi
Abstract:
With the upgrading and transformation of national energy strategies, the western region abundant in hydropower resources has become a critical carrier for engineering construction. Consequently, there is an urgent need to conduct meticulous investigations of geological characteristics in construction areas to support engineering planning and implementation. To address challenges including unclear laterally distributed lithological features, ambiguous geological attributes, and imprecise fault distribution descriptions in this region, the long-distance horizontal wire-line core drilling technology was employed for refined geological exploration. Through optimized selection of advanced equipment and formulation of efficient drilling techniques, a key technological system for long-distance horizontal wire-line coring was established, achieving the objective of precise geological and structural characterization in target areas. Taking a geotechnical investigation project in western China as a case study, the application of this core technological system demonstrated remarkable performance: an average drilling rate of 3.61 m/h, monthly drilling efficiency reaching 422.42 m per rig, terminal hole inclination deviating merely 0.1% from design specifications, full-hole azimuth maintained within ±1° of planned values, and core recovery rate exceeding 94%. Field applications confirmed that the proposed key drilling technology exhibits significant guiding value for engineering surveys in western regions, providing scientific basis for resource exploration and development in complex geological terrains.
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Summary of the Application of Wall Protection and Leak Prevention in Severe Leakage Strata in Caixiu Mining Area, Huanjiang County, Guangxi Province.
Abstract:
The main rock types of the Caixiu mining area in Huanjiang County, Guangxi are carbonaceous mudstone, limestone, and interbedded mudstone limestone. Rock fractures and caves are commonly developed, and drilling passes through faults. The contact surface of the fault is filled with loose mud. During construction, a single hole encounters multiple layers of leakage, and the leakage of flushing fluid is severe, including small and micro cracks, large cracks, caves, high-pressure differential fracturing of loose formations, and pressure penetration leakage. The designed drilling depth of the mining area exceeds one kilometer, making construction difficult. Based on the characteristics of the leakage layer, the mining area adopted comprehensive measures such as casing isolation, plugging with drilling plugging agent, plugging with large crack plugging material, cement plugging, intermittent grouting plugging with conduit method, basalt fiber plugging, and top leakage drilling, and successfully completed the drilling construction task. This construction experience has important reference significance for drilling construction in similar formations.
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Application and Research of Long-Distance Directional Continuous Coring Technology in Geotechnical Investigation: A Case Study of the Singapore HDC3-1 Metro Project
Abstract:
Aiming to address the core challenges in long-distance directional drilling technology, such as difficulties in controlling borehole trajectories and low efficiency in continuous coring, this paper presents the application of Long-Distance Directional Continuous Coring (LDC) technology in Singapore’s HDC3-1 geotechnical investigation project. By optimizing and integrating the Directional Coring Drilling (DCD) process with the NQ wireline coring method, this technology enables simultaneous long-distance directional drilling and continuous coring within target borehole intervals. Compared to traditional investigation techniques, LDC offers advantages including controllable borehole trajectories, continuous sampling, shorter project timelines, lower comprehensive costs, and minimal environmental impact. The successful implementation of this innovative technology in Singapore’s urban rail transit HDC3-1 investigation project has demonstrated its feasibility and practicality, providing enhanced approaches and methodologies for geotechnical exploration.
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Acquisition and interpretation of horizontal hole electronic Cores based on panoramic imaging technology
LI Bingle, WU Jingsheng, FANG Yong, ZHUANG Shengming, LUO Xianliang
Abstract:
The Tashdaban North Lithium Mining Area, located in the Kunlun-Altun Mountains, features complex geological structures and a high-altitude deeply incised terrain with dramatic elevation changes, posing significant challenges for drilling equipment relocation. Given the steeply dipping occurrence of ore layers in this region, horizontal and near-horizontal directional drilling techniques have been prioritized to align with the "green exploration" principle, effectively minimizing equipment relocation while preserving the ecological environment. To resolve critical issues in core drilling – including discontinuous coring in fractured strata, human errors during core logging, and consequent inaccuracies in acquiring key geological parameters such as formation dip, fracture width, and weak intercalations – the independently developed multi-parameter wireless logging system has been implemented. This innovative system achieves dual technological breakthroughs: establishing a computational methodology for structural plane imaging in horizontal borehole panoramas, and integrating wireless data storage with drill-pipe conveyance technology to overcome instrument deployment limitations in deep horizontal holes. By capturing high-resolution, continuous borehole wall images during operations, the system generates "digital cores" through advanced image processing, enabling direct visualization of lithology, fracture networks, weak interlayers, karst features, and stratum thickness. These capabilities facilitate precise quantification of Stratigraphic structural plane parameters, thereby advancing geological refinement, optimizing drilling quality, and driving digital transformation in mineral exploration. The technology improves data accuracy while reducing environmental footprint, exemplifying a paradigm of eco-conscious technological innovation in complex mining environments.
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Research and Field Application of Enlarging and Shaping Technology for Coal Mine Backfilling Feeding Holes
wangkai, mashuqing, luoqingyin, shitianfeng
Abstract:
The filling material feeding hole in coal mines is a crucial passage for re-transporting the solid waste such as coal gangue produced during underground coal mining back to the underground mined-out areas for filling. Due to its high usage frequency and large transportation volume, the filling materials impact, erode and wear the hole walls during transportation, causing deformation or even damage to the feeding holes, which seriously affects their working efficiency. In response to this situation, it is necessary to handle the feeding holes. Currently, there are mainly two methods for dealing with the deformation and damage of feeding holes: one is to detect and repair the deformed or damaged positions one by one, which requires high technical standards and a large amount of work; the other is to stop using the existing feeding holes and drill new ones nearby, which is costly and time-consuming. Taking the repair and treatment of the filling material feeding holes in Beixulou Coal Mine as an example, this paper expands and shapes the original feeding holes, inserts casing pipes, and solidifies the cement to form new feeding holes, achieving the goal of quickly handling the deformed and damaged feeding holes, reducing the workload, shortening the downtime of the feeding holes, and ensuring the normal production of coal mining enterprises.
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Application and Practice of Green Exploration Technology in the Drilling Project in the North Area of Taxidaban, Ruoqiang, Xinjiang
Abstract:
The practice and application of green exploration technologies have been carried out during the drilling engineering construction in the north working area of Tashidaban, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang. According to the topographical features, geology and construction requirements, the borehole structure is determined. Scientific selection of drilling equipment, drilling methods, mud systems and drilling tool combinations is carried out. Especially for the mud formula in nearly horizontal drilling, the stability of the borehole and the construction efficiency are ensured. The requirements of green exploration, green drilling construction measures, as well as the evaluation of ecological benefits and social benefits are expounded. Practice has proved that guided by the concept of green development and by strengthening the application of green exploration technical methods, the damage to the ecological environment can be greatly reduced.
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Study on the Efficiency and Mechanism of the Active Preflush System for Large-size Borehole Cementing
zengpeihua, Yanhaibin, Chenmin, Zhangzuohong, Mayong, Zhangjianxin, Liuhuazhi
Abstract:
Abstract: To address the challenge of poor cementing quality caused by low filter cake removal efficiency under large-diameter borehole annulus conditions with low return velocity, this study employs a high-temperature, high-pressure dynamic cleaning apparatus to evaluate the effectiveness of active flushing fluid. Experimental investigations focus on three key parameters: mixing ratio, flushing velocity, and formation permeability, with particular emphasis on enhancing slurry strength, improving flushing efficiency, and promoting interfacial bonding strength at the second interface. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to examine the cement-formation interface post-flushing. The results demonstrate that: (1) The active flushing system achieves over 100% improvement in slurry strength compared to conventional flushing fluids; (2) With 95% filter cake removal efficiency, the active system shows significantly superior performance to water-based and conventional flushing systems; (3) Under low-velocity flushing conditions (>90% efficiency). Field applications confirm that the active flushing system effectively enhances both slurry strength and secondary interfacial bonding quality, thereby substantially improving cementing operations in large-diameter wells, indicating promising practical potential.
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Application of green self-degradable crosslinked gel in plugging of geothermal well DR2024 in Xining city
xiongzhengqiang, zouzhife, zhengyuxuan, yuanbaohong
Abstract:
The problem of lost circulation occurs frequently during geothermal well exploration and development, especially the total loss of geothermal reservoir. Lost circulation brings about wellbore stability and drilling efficiency. Geothermal DR2024 well is located in Xining city, Qinghai Province, which is a geothermal mining well. When drilling to the non-target geothermal reservoir well section of 714m to 759m, the total loss occurred.
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Construction technology of large angle hole ZK2901 in Chang'an gold mine, Jinping, Yunnan
Abstract:
: With the increasing demand for mineral resource exploration in recent years, the depth of core drilling and the complexity of strata have been increasing, leading higher requirements for controlling the trajectory of drill holes in order to accurately target the ore bodies and achieve geological objectives. This paper introduces the construction overview of the Z2901 drill hole at the Chang"an gold mine, and addresses a series of technical difficulties such as wall collapse, rock falling, drill breakage accidents,-gauging of drill holes, depth trajectory control, and core sampling in complex strata. It summarizes the experience of construction of large-angle geological core drilling, provides technical references for the construction of large-angle geological core drilling.
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This research endeavor aims to examine the efficacy of gas injection as a method for improving oil recovery in the context of high-temperature, high-pressure, and low-permeability oil reservoirs located in the western region of the South China Sea.
Wang yujun, CUI shuheng, GUO minling, MOU zhipeng
Abstract:
In light of the potential feasibility of gas injection for the development of high-temperature, high-pressure, low-permeability oil reservoirs in the western South China Sea and the imperative to enhance oilfield recovery efficiency, this study embarked on a series of laboratory experiments. These experiments were conducted with a focus on two gas types: carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrocarbon-associated gas. Under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, fine-tube experiments and long-core displacement tests were meticulously carried out.A comparative analysis of the oil displacement efficiency of the two gases was undertaken, leading to a comprehensive evaluation of their development performance. The research findings indicate that under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, CO2 injection achieved a maximum oil displacement efficiency of 88.8%. Among various injection strategies, the alternating gas-water injection method yielded the highest displacement efficiency of 87.4%. The injection angle was found to have a maximum impact of 3.2% on the displacement efficiency. Notably, a significant decline in displacement efficiency was observed when the injection pressure dropped below 30 MPa, with the lower injection pressures correlating with an increased oil production capacity upon gas breakthrough.Hydrocarbon gas flooding and CO2 injection technologies are deemed applicable to the high-temperature, high-pressure, low-permeability oil reservoirs in the western South China Sea, demonstrating efficacy in enhancing formation energy and holding substantial potential for widespread application.
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Practice and Discussion of Green Drilling Construction in Green Exploration
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the field of geological core drilling engineering, guided by the concept of green exploration, introduces the construction characteristics of modular drilling machines and their advantages in the construction of complex terrain in forest-covered areas and mountainous areas through the application of modular drilling machines and flushing liquid treatment equipment, analyzes the adaptability of drilling machines to diverse engineering needs through module combination, and studies the importance of flushing liquid treatment technology, including the performance requirements of flushing liquid, recycling mechanism and corresponding treatment process, discusses the significance of scientific and reasonable flushing liquid treatment methods for protecting the environment, and provides reference for promoting the green development of the drilling industry.
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