Large area of ground subsidence has been caused by groundwater concentrating exploitation in the east of Zhengdong new district, which affects normal transportation of Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed railway. Based on the comprehensive survey on geology background, natural geography in Zhengdong new district and the situation of groundwater exploitation along Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail, and combined with the local subsidence development, a detailed analysis on the formation mechanism and the important influence factors of the ground subsidence in Zhengdong new district is made with corresponding protection measures proposed.