Fuling shale gas field is in high steep fold zone Baoluan-Jiaoshiba anticlinal zone Jiaoshiba texture in the southeast of Sichuan. Upper Ordovician Wufeng formation-the lower Silurian Longmaxi formation was mainly explored, the main lithology are limestone, mudstone and shale, it was prone to leak, slough and blowout in drilling construction. The well was designed to be three-section horizontal structure, water-based drilling fluid was used in the first and second sections. By the technical research, the water-based drilling fluid system is established; taking potassium chloride and polyamine inhibitor as main material, series of water-based drilling fluid technology is formed, which is suitable for Fuling shale gas field exploration and development in shallow gas control, borehole wall stability, friction drag reducing, leakage control and plugging.