In view of the difficulty in application of aluminum alloy drill pipes to deep drilling due to their poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance， the basalt fiber reinforced aluminum based composite material was prepared with the 7075 aluminum alloy powder as the base and basalt fibers as the reinforcement by vacuum hot pressing sintering technology. Study was conducted on its microstructure， density and micro-hardness， and the results showed that the basalt fiber is uniformly dispersed in the aluminum base， and substitution reaction takes place between SiO₂ and Al at the interface so as to obtain good interface bonding strength with higher density； meanwhile the addition of basalt fiber significantly improves the micro-hardness of the composite material.