In recent years， as the most important means to access into the earth， drilling is facing the problems that the formation is becoming more and more complex， and the probability of drilling collapse， falling blocks， diameter reduction and over-diameter accidents is increasing， which seriously restricts the improvement of the quality and efficiency of drilling engineering. Wall protection and plugging material is an indispensable key engineering material for drilling engineering and the wall protection and plugging technology is an important technical link to ensure safe， fast and continuous drilling work and is the main content of drilling treatment in complex formations. From the perspective of science popularization， this paper introduces the basic concept and composition of wall blocking materials， the wall blocking effect of flushing fluid and cement-based materials and the further development space of wall blocking materials， so as to deepen the understanding of wall blocking materials and promote its R&D and application.