Given the critical importance of water cycle variations in extreme ecological environments such as high-altitude and arid regions to national ecological security， there is a pressing need to research on monitoring devices and technologies for key parameters of water cycle. This paper focuses on technical challenges associated with field in-situ/mobile/non-contact， automatic and stable monitoring of key parameters encompassing water cycle. A series of studies have been conducted to explore new technological devices for monitoring these key parameters of soil， air， ice， and snow in ecological systems. By establishing an integrated monitoring system for ecosystems based on the Internet of Things （IoT）， the industry technological barriers are hope to be broken through， and the interdisciplinary collaboration across fields including engineering， geology， and computer science can be fostered. Through collaborative efforts in researching and innovating key parameter monitoring technologies for the water cycle in extreme ecological environments， extensive， all-weather and three-dimensional monitoring of critical ecological functional areas will be achieved. This endeavor will hold significant importance in advancing China’s ecological civilization construction and promoting the comprehensive application and development of ecological monitoring technologies in the country.