Drilling is the most direct engineering technology means for the exploration and development of energy and mineral resources. As a favorable tool for breaking ground and soil, downhole dynamic drilling tools have the advantages of reducing consumption and increasing rate and reducing the risk of downhole accidents，either direct drive bit to form sliding drilling, or combined with top drive (or rotary) drilling to form a combined drive bit to form composite drilling,. In order to promote the underground power drilling tool by more technical personnel to understand and understand, make full use of its drilling advantages and use technical characteristics to develop new functions and new instruments. This paper introduces the uses, main types, working principles and development history of downhole power drilling tools from the perspective of popular science, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different downhole power drilling tools. Finally, combined with the new drilling situation of deep Wells, ultra-deep Wells and other drilling tools, new requirements, as well as the application trend of materials, measurement and control, intelligence and other new technologies in drilling engineering, pointed out the current mainstream underground power drilling tool replacement, technological innovation development direction.