Underground in-situ conversion is an inevitable trend of industrialized development of oil shale， and the autothermic pyrolysis in-situ conversion process （ATS） is a compound and efficient heating method to realize underground in-situ conversion of oil shale. In order to investigate the influence of different high-temperature carrier gases in the preheating stage on the effect of autogenous thermal in-situ conversion of oil shale， this paper took the oil shale in Fuyu area of Jilin， China， as an example， and injected four high-temperature gases， namely， nitrogen， air， steam， and carbon dioxide， into the preheating stage to conduct numerical simulation analysis， and compared the differences in the final oil and gas yields and the energy recovery rates. Taking the high-temperature nitrogen injection group as the control group in the preheating stage， the results showed that the time needed to complete the extraction by injecting high-temperature air， steam and carbon dioxide was reduced by 22%， 39% and 12%， respectively， and the maximum energy recovery rate was increased by 55%， 86% and 23%， respectively， and the total oil production was reduced by 5%， increased by 18% and reduced by 11%. From the perspectives of mining completion time， energy recovery rate and total oil production， steam injection preheating had the best effect. Therefore， a comprehensive comparison showed that the autogenous thermal extraction method of steam injection preheating could effectively increase the oil production， reduce the time required for extraction， and improve the energy utilization rate.