Extra-deep drilling has been upgraded to a national strategic scientific and technological issue, and as an important means of geological exploration, it plays an important role in the exploration of resources such as oil and natural gas. The selection and optimization of drilling pipe is the key link in extra-deep drilling, which directly affects the quality and efficiency of drilling. This paper firstly introduces the problems faced by extra-deep drilling pipes from the load analysis of drill pipes; investigates the current research status of drilling pipes; then analyzes the performance characteristics of steel and lightweight drill pipes, compares the technical solutions of single and composite drill pipes for drilling pipe columns for ultra-deep wells of 10,000 meters; investigates and analyzes the regulation of steel drill pipes' toughening, the problem of drill pipes' corrosion resistance, and the manufacturing optimization for elimination of stress concentration, which provide a good solution for the design of extra-deep wells drill pipes, and provides a good solution for the design of extra-deep wells drill pipes. The research analyzed three key technologies of drill pipes, namely, steel drill pipe toughening control, drill pipe corrosion resistance and manufacturing optimization to eliminate stress concentration, which provided reference basis for the design and research of drill pipes for ultra-deep well.