Extra-deep scientific drilling is the only technical means to directly obtain the deep information of the earth， which is of great significance to deeply understand the internal structure of the earth and explore the underground resources， which has been risen to the national strategic science and technology issue. In response to the call of the Party Central Committee for “march to the deep earth”， it is necessary to vigorously promote the research and development of extra-deep scientific drilling equipment technology. This paper briefly reviews the development of the extra-deep scientific drilling equipment technology at home and abroad， combined with China’s development needs， the key technical problems faced by top drive， winch， drilling pump in extra-deep scientific drilling are summarized， and on this basis， the development direction and prospect are put forward， which provides reference for the development of extra-deep scientific drilling engineering in China.