With the gradual depletion of shallow underground resources， people gradually seek energy from deeper parts of the earth. In order to coping with the harsh environment of underground formations during drilling， a self-balancing drilling system and a bionic self-propelled drilling tool feeding system are proposed to move the pressure drive unit underground. In this paper. In order to solving the problems of how to increase the efficiency of the support mechanism in the self-propelled feed system， the surface of the drag-enhancing mechanism of the self-propelled feed system is designed bionically by analysing the non-smooth structure of the head surface of the dung beetle. The drag-enhancing performance and the damage to the well wall are simulated， and the friction and wear performance is tested experimentally to study the drag-enhancing and wear-reducing effects of different bionic structures. The results show that the ratio of the spacing of the dung beetle head bumps to the diameter of the dung beetle head is around 1.50， the ratio of the diameter of the middle bumps to the length of the corresponding dung beetle head ranges from 1：142 to 1∶133， with a higher probability near 1∶138， the ratio of the diameter of the two side bumps to the length of the corresponding dung beetle head ranges from 1∶173 to 1∶158， with a higher probability near 1∶167. The proportion of the bumps in the middle part was about 45%， and on both sides was basically the same； the spacing of the bionic structure design had a good drag-enhancing effect when the ratio of the spacing to the diameter of the bionic structure was around 1.50. Under the condition of the same diameter of the convex packs， the larger the spacing was， the greater the damage to the wall of the wells. The orthogonal triangular layout was the best layout for the drag-enhancing effect of bionic units， and a rectangular layout increased the damage to the wall of the wells， at the same time， reduced the drag-enhancing effect； Concentric circular arrangement has the greatest damage to the well wall and the worst drag-enhancing effect.