This paper focuses on the field of geological core drilling engineering, guided by the concept of green exploration, introduces the construction characteristics of modular drilling machines and their advantages in the construction of complex terrain in forest-covered areas and mountainous areas through the application of modular drilling machines and flushing liquid treatment equipment, analyzes the adaptability of drilling machines to diverse engineering needs through module combination, and studies the importance of flushing liquid treatment technology, including the performance requirements of flushing liquid, recycling mechanism and corresponding treatment process, discusses the significance of scientific and reasonable flushing liquid treatment methods for protecting the environment, and provides reference for promoting the green development of the drilling industry.