This paper expounded the development and application in tunnel construction all over the world of TBM in the past half a century, pointed out that excavating tunnel by TBM has become the developmental direction of tunnel construction in the future. On the base of analysis of a great deal engineering example, combining the experience and lessons obtained in TBM construction, the authors discussed correlated engineering geological problems existing in excavation, such as fault fractured zones, compressional stratum, groundwater and karst etc.. At the same time, the corresponding countermeasures particularly for reference were introduced.