As a renewable energy resource, hot dry rock (HDR) has advantages of strong heat energy, wide distribution, environmental protection and not being affected by natural conditions, such as seasons. Hot dry rock exploration development and utilization is basically a blank field in China, the study on this key technique has a very realistic significance. Based on the introduction on the current situation of hot dry rock exploration development and utilization both in China and abroad, the paper analyzed the key technology and put forward the main study target and work to be required.