Shallow geothermal energy is a kind of renewable energy; it has the characteristics of large reserves, wide distribution, shallow buried depth and easy development. In the situation of traditional energy resources shortage and environment pollution deterioration, development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy has important significance for global low carbon economy, energy saving and emission reduction. Groundwater source heat pump occupies an important position because of its high utilization rate, low cost, easy repairing; and the water well is the key in the system, the project quality directly affects the system running, reinjection and service life. By a large amount of survey, the outstanding problems of water well in the construction are analyzed, and based on the tests and practical experience, reasonable water well construction technologies are put forward.