With the case of environmental sampling drilling in Dalinuoer Lake in Inner Mongolia, according to the accurate and original (in dimension and state) samples obtaining and the drilling efficiency, the paper introduces the selection and the optional improvement of drilling tools; analyzes and discusses the static pressure, hammer beating and cable drilling of piston drilling tool with evaluation. By the drilling and sampling characteristics of the piston drilling tool, the cable drilling and alternative sampling in double boreholes are optimized. In comparison to the above both ways, by simultaneously using piston and cable drilling, more accurate and original samples can be extract with higher efficiency.