Low drilling efficiency in water well and geothermal well is one of the main factors affecting development and utilization process of water resources. On the basis of the analysis on the causes of low efficiency of water well and geothermal well drilling, according to different affecting factors and combining with the production practice of construction, the paper discusses the optimization of drilling process and improvement of drilling equipment, proposes the popularization of fast drilling technologies of pneumatic DTH hammer drilling and air-lift reverse circulation drilling for groundwater development.