Along with the continuous shale gas exploration and development in northwest Hunan, the position of drilling technology becomes more and more important. In the drilling process of shale gas exploration well, the well control and blowout prevention have been the most important part in the safety drilling technology. Comparing with the conventional oil and gas, shale gas of northwest Hunan has “three low levels” characteristics of low pressure, low permeability and low saturation, the used well control and blowout prevention technologies are different from those used in oil and gas exploration in the essence. Starting from the source of well control technology, the theory calculation model of formation pressure near shale gas well is established and the corresponding well control technical measures and equipments are suggested. Based on the example of well control in shale gas prospecting well-CY1 in northwest Hunan and the mature conventional oil and gas well control technology, a set of well control technical measures are formulated to ensure safe, saving and efficient shale gas well drilling.