With light weight, high strength, good corrosion resistance and low-magnetic, etc., aluminum alloy drill pipe receives much concern in deep and ultra-deep drilling operations. In the deep and ultra-deep well drilling, as the aluminum alloy drill pipe needs to withstand enormous internal and external pressure, it is necessary to calculate and test its maximum internal and external pressure. Internal and external hydrostatic pressure tests were carried out on φ147mm self-developed aluminum alloy drill pipe and checked by elasticity theory calculations. No leakage happened for full-size 7075 and 2024 aluminum alloy drill pipes with 69.51MPa and 48.65MPa continuous internal pressure pressure-loading for 20min respectively and the maximum anti-external pressure values were 107.4MPa and 72.3MPa for each. The tests show that the aluminum alloy drill pipe has good property of anti-internal and external pressure to ensure its reliability in deep and ultra-deep drilling.