Oil and gas resources survey is one of the important contents of the 13th Five-Year Plan in China. In 2016, China implemented 54 oil and gas geological survey wells, 36 deployed in 2017, most of the wells uses mechanical core drilling technology. Based on the characteristics of oil and gas geological survey wells and mechanical core drilling technology, this paper summarizes and analyzes the technical difficulties faced by gas geological survey wells from the aspects of formation characteristics, well control, cementing, logging and downhole complex problems, and puts forward targeted solutions. The research results of this paper can provide technical reference for the relevant management and operation personnel, and provide reference for the research and development of drilling technology for oil and gas geological survey.