In the previous reduction transmission device of polar deep ice drilling, planetary gear reduction transmission device is prone to appear fatigue failure, which results in short service life of reduction transmission device. In view of this problem, the improvement design is made on the reduction transmission device of armored cable electro-mechanical drilling tool, the device structure and size are determined; the meshing force of the device is analyzed and the strength estimation is carried out. A 3dimensional solid model of the reduction transmission device is built by using Inventor software and ANSYS Workbench software is used for the static analysis on the device structure. The results indicate that this oscillating tooth reduction transmission device can meet the design requirements and provide a basis for the optimization of reduction transmission device design for polar deep ice drilling.