The development of earth sciences is more and more depending on the deep earth exploration data, the scientific ultra-deep drilling, known as “the telescope into the crust”, becomes an indispensable method for the research on deep geology. Compared with the steel drill pipe, the aluminum alloy drill pipe, with its unique superiorities (lighter weight, high specific strength, deep drilling depth and less energy consumption), has become the essential scheme for drill string design used in difficult to enter area, extended reach wells and scientific ultra-deep well and so on. From the perspective of popular science, this article describes the differences between drill string and drill pipe, the limit use length of drill string, the technical advantages of aluminum alloy drill pipe and the existing deficiencies, so as to improve our understanding of aluminum alloy drill pipe and promote the research and development of the aluminum alloy drill pipe.