Scaling on the inner wall of the wireline drilling rod can cause drilling rod corrosion, blockage in running the fishing tools and the inner tube assembly, borehole wall instability, etc. The common types of mud scales occurs in the eddy region, or due to extension, leakage and so on. Based on analyzing the reasons and influence factors of mud scaling, the preventive measures are made in this paper, includi drilling fluid optimization, drilling parameters optimization, borehole structure and bottom hole assembly optimization and so on. At the same time, the mud scale cleaning device has been developed. The mud scraper, lowered into the hole through the winch with power supplying and the armored cable, can actively clean the mud scale or adsorbates on the inner wall of the drill rod to keep it clean, so as to achieve the goal of high efficiency and safety drilling.