Hot dry rock (HDR) is a kind of clean energy resource emerging in recent years. It is buried in the deep earth (below 3000m), without or with little water or water vapor, and the temperature is over 180℃ with very low permeability. Unlike conventional hydrothermal systems, the utilization of HDR needs to build Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS), where the fluid circulation must be stimulated artificially. At present, the study on HDR is in the early stage, and the theory on the heat source, the heat reservoir, the formation mechanism, the burial mechanism etc. is not complete. The development of HDR also faces a lot of problems such as reservoir stimulation, high temperature drilling technology, monitoring while drilling. In the world, there is a very large reserve of HDR, and it is recognized as a high-quality clean energy by the international society; However, little research has been done on HDR, and the high development difficulties need continuous accumulation of knowledge and technology. From the perspective of scientific popularization, this paper lists the current research status and problems about HDR so as to make HDR more popular.