Drilling on water, especially on rivers where the water flow is relatively fast, is more difficult than land, with difficulties in construction, high risk factors, and low drilling efficiency. Large hydropower stations are often selected among alpine valleys. The early exploration conditions are extremely bad, and it is extremely difficult to transport on the water drilling site. River core drilling is a technical method for effectively verifying the thickness of the river bed cover, which is usually encountered in hydropower station exploration. This article introduces the construction and installation of the oil drum raft used in the offshore drilling construction of the project and the calculation and verification of various parameters, the selection of anchoring steel rope and strength verification, the optimization design of the river surface transition equipment, and the protection casing The key technologies such as access method and verticality check, oil drum raft transfer, overburden hole formation and coring technology, and hard and strong grinding bedrock drilling technology provide reference for similar projects in the future