In order to understand the environmental pollution of groundwater around the landfill site， the soil， groundwater and downstream reservoir water quality around the solid waste disposal site in Changsha City were taken as the research objects. The single factor pollution index method and Nemerow pollution comprehensive index method were used to analyze the heavy metal content characteristics and risk assessment of the surrounding environment of the landfill site. The results showed that as， Cr（Ⅵ）， Ni， Pb， Zn and Cu were the main pollutants in the surrounding environment of the landfill site. The average content of heavy metals in the regional sampling points and the downstream reservoirs was lower than that in the groundwater quality standard class Ⅲ， and the pollution status of the landfill site was good. The content of Cr （Ⅵ） in ZK1 and R1 samples was higher than that in the groundwater quality standard class Ⅲ， which was the main risk pollutant of groundwater around the landfill site in ZK1~ZK4， Pb and Cr（Ⅵ） are the main heavy metal elements in the soil， which are moderately polluted and should be paid attention to.