Geological drilling is a high-risk industry. The construction site is not fixed， the working environment is harsh， the employee mobility is high， the technical requirements are low， and the construction involves many machinery and equipment. There has been always complex and changeable influencing factors， the risk of hidden dangers of safety production problems. This paper introduces 4M1E analysis method （Man Machine Material Method Environment analysis method）， discusses the significance of safety management and control in each process stage by analyzing the characteristics of geological drilling safety work， focuses on the application of 4M1E analysis method to identify the main risk factors in each work link in the drilling implementation stage， and then puts forward corresponding management and control measures from five aspects， such as human， machine， material， method and environment， to show the systematic advantages of 4M1E in safety management. In order to promote the practitioners to understand and master 4M1E analysis method， and promote its application in safety management.