The exploitation and utilization of Antarctic resources is one of the important issues in the sustainable development of energy in the world. In polar drilling equipment research， sealing technology is the key technology to determine whether drilling equipment can operate safely， efficiently and economically. In this context， this paper systematically analysis the existing seal problems of polar drilling equipment. According to the new development of sealing materials and sealing technology， taking into account the seal structure， mechanical properties of materials and polar low-temperature drilling conditions， it points out the common failure forms of polar drilling equipment seal and summarizes the existing improvement schemes. The types and technical characteristics of existing polar equipment at home and abroad are systematically summarized， and the existing technical gap between home and abroad is analyzed.