The process of piston-insertion core sampling uses drilling fluid static pressure as the power， and the internal pipe of the core is directly inserted into the formation to complete the core sampling. This processing method avoids the direct scouring of the core by drilling fluid and the influence of drilling tool rotation on the core， therefore， it can greatly improve the core sampling rate and quality of shallow weak oceanic strata. This drilling tool has been studied and applied in ocean scientific drilling， achieving good utilization results. Through research on the piston-insertion core sampling technique， design and usage experience are obtained， key problems of the piston-insertion core sampling technique are solved， and a process method for surface seabed core extraction is formed， providing technical support for ocean drilling.