With the development of domestic oil and gas drilling toward 10，000 meters deep wells， the bottom hole temperature is getting higher and higher， so the drilling fluid needs to be cooled to protect downhole tools. In domestic drilling fluid cooling devices， the equipment is generally oversized， ultra-high and the cooling range of equipment is small. This paper starts from the introduction of the technical status of drilling fluid cooling devices at abroad. The working principle， advantages and disadvantages， and application range of four kinds of drilling fluid cooling devices， including natural cooling， open cooling， closed cooling and forced cooling， are emphatically analyzed in combination with domestic drilling conditions. In order to ensure the cooling effect of the cooling device， the paper analyzes the key technical problems of cooling mechanism， engineering adaptability， application limitation and equipment reliability in combination with the requirements of roads and environmental protection， and puts forward the technical research and development ideas of the cooling device of the cooling device in combination with the domestic drilling situation， providing guidance for the development of devices with strong adaptability， high reliability and remarkable cooling effect.