During the construction of rotary drilling rig， the efficiency of rock drilling is closely related to the pick arrangement of core barrel. The key pick arrangement parameters of core barrels are studied by using pick cutting test system. Three-dimensional load， crushing volume， deformation displacement， broken morphology and other data were collected during the test process. From multiple dimensions such as crushing specific power， cutting resistance， load fluctuation， and pick spin， the controlled variable method is applied to conduct pick cutting experiments， quantitatively evaluating the effects of cutting angle， drilling tooth deviation angle， cutting sequence， drilling tooth tip height difference， and drilling tooth tip trajectory spacing on rock cutting. Research has shown that there is an optimal combination of drilling tooth arrangement parameters that match the geological properties. Taking drilling into granite formations as an example， the optimal range of drilling tooth arrangement parameters was determined， which are： cutting angle 68°~72°， drilling tooth deviation angle 5°~15°， skip cutting， drilling tooth tip height difference of about 3mm， and drilling tooth tip trajectory spacing of about 30mm. According to the test results， the drilling efficiency is increased by 13.64% and the cost of unit footage is reduced by 39.13%. The research results are of great significance for guiding the arrangement of the core barrels， reducing the drilling tooth loss and improving the drilling efficiency.