With the continuous progress in the development of coal-based minerals and the initiative of “carbon peak and carbon neutralization” raised by China， it is inevitable to enforce the implementation of green exploration technology. Based on the concept of green exploration and combined with the drilling process of coal bed methane， this paper focuses on the drilling technology for protection of the surrounding environment and the coalbeds. By analyzing the characteristics of the groundwater pollution， the main components of the pollutants and the main pollution pathway which are caused by drilling operations， pollution prevention and treatment measures and technologies are proposed. Two drilling technologies are recommended for the development of CBM as they can improve the drilling efficiency， and reduce the total amount of pollution and the pollution time during drilling. The paper also discusses green drilling equipment， drilling fluid technology and waste recycling technology.