Abstract:The article looked back briefly on the history of the scientific drilling practice and described the challenges of the superdepth scientific Drillingwells. The 13000m drilling technology plan of superdepth scientific drillingwell was put forward.

Abstract:This article introduces the difficulties and technical problems encountered in the drilling operation in complex formation of scientific deep drilling projects. The main technical problems are broken formation drilling and strong shrinkage formation drilling. Technical measures for resolving the problems, referring to core drilling technologies, drill rig, drilling mud system and special drilling and cementing technologies used for strong shrinkage formation, are discussed.

Abstract:The design process and the scheme of power head for 3500m all hydraulic core drill are presented. The paper briefly describes the conditions which should be met for power head design and the general design process, mainly exposes the design process of power head for 3500m all hydraulic core drill and summarizes the power head performance characteristics.

Abstract:In the process of diamond drilling with impregnated bits, cuttings regime defines normal conditions of the drilling. Calculations and experiments have proved that cavitation does occur in the drilling process with serious influence on bit matrix wear. The designed new type drilling bit with the same area of flushing waterways can basically resolve the cavitation problem. Optimal ratio range of flushing fluid quantity and drilling rate should be maintained.

Abstract:According to many unknown geological factors below the depth of 800m in Qiangma gold mining area, using the deep hole construction experiences from drilling units of Shandong, Anhui and the others for reference, the construction design was carefully developed in detail and the deepest hole of 2018.86m in depth was completed. The paper introduces the drilling process and the operation technology.

Abstract:The drilling of shale gas parameter well-1 of Shandong encountered complex formations with serious mud making in water sensitive formation and collapsed block in Permian strata. The jammed bit accident led to slow drilling construction progress with high risk. According to the technical difficulties in the drilling process, the drilling fluid system for the first and the second as well as the coring sections are determined by a series of technology research to form a complete set of drilling fluid technology and engineering measures. The results show that the difficulties such as collapsed block are solved by this drilling fluid system in the shale gas parameter well-1 of Shandong, the downhole accidents are reduced with improved drilling speed and short well construction period.

Abstract:To meet the needs of deep prospecting and geoscience research in recent years, the number of drill holes over 2000m depth constantly updated, and core drilling depth records were constantly broken. Due to the higher goal of the deep drilling, the more complex formation-pressure systems, the longer drilling time, lots of the new requirements were put forward in the different regions, such as drilling equipment, technology and management. And each chosen site has different typical technical challenging and difficult problems. SinoProbe-05 project has completed the following drilling works, including Luobusa in Tibet, Jinchuan in Gansu, Tengchong in Yunnan, Luzong and Tongling in Anhui and Yudu in Jiangxi since 2009. Related techniques are introduced in the paper, especially some technical issues, including the total of 10 aspects of equipment, technology and materials etc. Combined with the experience of other projects of SinoProbe in recent years, the paper discusses some drilling risk-proof ways and strategies.

Abstract:Shallow water flow, shallow gas and gas hydrate have been encountered in the deep water drilling. In order to predict the geological disasters we need to study the mechanism, identification and engineering dangerous. By using geophysics and numerous modelling, in combination with drilling hole and well logging data, there are great progresses in the ‘three shallow’ geological disasters. For the time being, we also found the over pressured system, shallow gas and gas hydrate in the LW3-1 gas field. The discovery of deepwater channel sand indicated that possibility existence of shallow water flow. By the progress of deepwater hydrocarbon exploration and development, it is very important to evaluate and predict the ‘three shallow’ geological disasters.

Abstract:The paper introduces the main technical methods of marine drilling in China, including Chinese ocean drilling, the gas hydrate drilling in South China Sea, deep-sea mineral drilling and deepwater engineering drilling. Each drilling technique is described to provide some technical support for marine drilling.

Abstract:With the continuous increase of offshore oil and gas operations, the risks are also increasing in the positioning of jack-up drilling platform. Based on the analysis on the operation difficulties and the risks of the 282 drilling platform positioning to WHPN platform in SZ oilfield and by optimizing platform positioning and anchor arrangement plans, positioning technology of fully rotary tugboat assist jack-up drilling platform technology was firstly used in Bohai area with some other technologies, the successful positioning operation was carried out.

Abstract:In order to speed up China’s offshore engineering geological exploration in line with international standards of quality, reduce the exploration cost, participate in the overseas market competition, to carry out the sea (water) into the shipborne drilling platform innovation design and engineering application. This paper introduces a with completely independent intellectual property rights in our country, and with international competitiveness, set unilateral cantilever exploration system, intertidal zone, offshore drilling, in situ test for the integration of sets of technology. The entire system innovation in the offshore engineering geological exploration technology, formed a set of suitable for beaches, lakes, rivers and the sea (water) regional exploration and in-situ test, and the exploration quality reached the international standard. The breakthroughs in core technologies from Europe and America to our country enterprise monopoly, the outside world to share exploration of overseas market share has a realistic significance.

Abstract:The ice core in Polar regions contains precious ancient climate and environment information, records the ancient atmospheric composition, and have characteristics of higher resolution, long time scale and amount of information and so on. It is very important to obtain ancient deep ice core to reconstruction the earth evolution and to predict the global climate changing. Therefore, the scientists in world are looking for ancient ice core and planning to carry out new deep ice core drilling projects. However, there are lots of problems when drilling in warm ice since the ice having lower melting point and higher temperature such as the slowly drilling speed, the lower core recovery and more sticking accidents and so on. So the warm ice drilling practices in Polar Regions are reviewed in this paper. And the technology problems drilling in warm ice are analyzed. At the same time, the influences of the cutting heat generated in the rotary drilling on drilling process are discussed. Based on these analyses, the research directions in future and the technical countermeasures for warm ice drilling are also put forward in this study, which may be provide some reference for our coming deep ice core drilling project and the subglacial bedrock core drilling project in Antarctica.

Abstract:The molecular structure of the fatty acid ester has a significant influence on the properties of the ester-based drilling fluid. Based on the study on the number of ester groups, saturation, molecular configuration, molecular size and intermolecular force of the molecules of fatty acid esters, this paper selected 6 kinds of saturated fatty acid esters as the research mediums. The viscosities and densities of these mediums at different temperatures were tested and the mechanism that influences the viscosities and densities was analyzed, it was demonstrated that the viscosities of the mediums under low temperatures mainly depend on the length of the fatty alcohol molecular chain; whereas the densities of mediums mainly rely on the molecular size, which have no relationship with the molecular symmetry, α-hydrogen activation and intermolecular force.

Abstract:Hardness of polar ice has important significance for designing and using of antitorque system of armored cable-suspended electromechanical drill. By analyzing the physical properties of polar ice sheet and hardness testing principle, designed a set of hardness test stand which can measure the hardness of ice in cold conditions. This test stand was formed by low freezer, hardness test rig and data acquisition and control system. The data acquisition and control system was placed in normal temperature environments to reduce the low temperature requirements for electronic components. The test stand can measure the force applied on hardness head and penetration depth by sensors. The preliminary experiments for this test stand showed that the test stand was in good working condition, and can measure the hardness of polar ice in low temperature condition.

Abstract:Extraterrestrial Sampling is an important method to research the origin and evolutionary process. The development of extraterrestrial body sampling mission was introduced in detail. The characters, such as resource constraints, sampling object, gravity, temperature, of sampling mission was analyzed. And then the key technology of drill, excavation, and verification were proposed. The results provide advisory opinion for China extraterrestrial sampling mission.

Abstract:Lunar exploration plays a huge role in enhancing China’s comprehensive strength in all aspects. At present, the researches on lunar sampling are focused on designing and manufacturing the sampling devices instead of the interaction between sampling device and lunar soil. Compared with the Earth’s soil, the different conditions and environment during the formation process make the lunar soil become more special in mechanical properties. During the thin-walled cylinder penetration experiments with lunar soil simulation two phenomena (including lunar soil retention and lunar soil adhesion) were observed, and it was indicated that besides the traditional theory of friction, the theory of maximum shear strength also could be used in analyzing the interaction between sampling devices and lunar soil. Through analyzing of experimental phenomena and data, maximum shear strength theory is closer to actual practice than friction theory. As a result, the maximum shear strength theory is introduced to an existing lunar spiral drilling theoretical model, according to the calculation results, the spiral critical speed based on maximum shear strength is lower than that based on friction, which means lower energy consumption for lunar sampling devices.

Abstract:Lunar sampling drilling has difficulties of loose drilling object, small power and light quality of drilling tools, as well as no flushing medium during drilling process. Since auger drilling has the characteristics of discharge cuttings continuously and drilling without drilling fluid, it becomes one of the most practicable methods for lunar drilling. To carry out the deep lunar sampling drilling under limited capacity of drilling tools and specific environment of lunar surface, the mechanics and power models during auger sampling drilling are studied, focused on the physical and mechanics characteristics of lunar soil (and its simulation). Analysis indicates that, auger driller for lunar sampling has comparatively narrow blade width and high rotational speed, thus the Cuttings Grain model should be employed to compute its critical rotational speed, and select reasonable drilling technology. Auger drilling power includes two parts, which are power for bit cutting lunar soil, and power for cuttings discharge. According to the drilling power model, effects of each variable on total power during lunar sampling drilling can be obtained, so as to provide theoretical guides for optimization of drilling parameters and drilling tools’ structure.

Abstract:Cutting mechanism model is the foundation of analysis on rock drilling cutting force and cutting heat. The article reveals a new mechanism in medium hardness rock cutting model which based on a molar theory and the theory of crack propagation. The brittleness and ductility cutting exist in medium hardness rock cutting process. Take sandstone, marble and granite for drilling targets, micro-drilling experiments study is carried out. The results show that the rock cutting process means the rock damage taking place under the cutter torque and pushing force and resulting in small debris and large cuttings generated during continuous drilling cycle. Cuttings formation is mainly due to the extrusion deformation and crack generation expansion of rock. The experimental results and the rock cutting mechanism model display good consistency.

Abstract:After briefly introducing the management of Wenchuan earthquake scientific drilling project, including organization structure and management mode of the project, this article focuses on describing organization and management of drilling engineering of the project. In a six year period, five holes were drilled along Longmenshan earthquake fault zone. The drilling contract mode of the project changed from general contracting system to daily cost system. And incentive mechanism was introduced into daily cost system later. The article summarizes successful on-site experiences of drilling engineering management of the project and discusses management mode of scientific drilling projects, especially for those, whose formation and drilling conditions are very complicated. The experiences and understandings gained in this project will be useful for similar scientific drilling projects.

Abstract:This article introduces the general information on the drilling engineering of Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project, including the results of borehole completion, technical problems encountered in drilling operation and research and development efforts for resolving technical problems. In addition, the organization and management of the drilling engineering is also discussed.

Abstract:This article introduces directional drilling technology used in the borehole WFSD-4 of Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling, including directional hole design, whip stocking tool selection, tool orientation method, hole path control operation, and the use of wireless MWD and bottom hole assembly for directional drilling and sidetracking to bypass obstacles. The effect of directional drilling in WFSD-4 is analyzed.

Abstract:Borehole wall protection is one of the key technologies for resolving drilling problems in Complex Strata. This paper introduces some special casing adopted in the drilling operation of the borehole WFSD-4, including large diameter casing technology in small clearance condition, retrievable casing technology for small diameter core drilling in existing large borehole and two phase casing and cementing technology used in strong borehole shrinkage section.

Abstract:This article gives us a review of research and development of a deep hole drill rig developed for Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project, introduces the scheme of high-speed top-drive rig for deep core drilling(including hydraulic drive and AC VFD), analyses the application perspectives of high speed top-drive, dual rotary system and AC VFD in deep hole coring and in complicated formation condition.

Abstract:This paper introduces drilling operation of and some key technologies used in the borehole WFSD-4 of Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project. The main drilling technologies used in the drilling operation of WFSD-4 are positive displacement motor-hydraulic hammer-long split core barrel coring technology, eccentric reaming coring technology, anti-erosion core bit technology, high angle directional drilling technology, retrievable casing technology, the new type of drilling fluid system and new type of drill rig for deep hole coring.

Abstract:In this article the core drilling operation of the borehole WFSD-4 of Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project has been described，and the core drilling technology and technical measures to solve the problems encountered while drilling in broken rock formation and strong borehole shrinkage condition have been analyzed and summarized. The application results of the core drilling technology and technical measures have been introduced.

Abstract:This article introduced technical problems encountered in drilling operation in strong hole shrinkage formation of WFSD-4 of Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project. On the basis of analyzing mechanisms of hole shrinkage and influence factors, drilling technical measures for resolving problems of strong hole shrinkage formation drilling were put forward. Good results were achieved in application of drilling technical measures for strong hole shrinkage formation in WFSD-4.

Abstract:During the drilling operation of Wenchuan earthquake fault science drilling project (WFSD), due to stratum breaking, borehole shrinkage and borehole walls' collapse, drilling accidents occurred frequently and core recovery has been low. In the borehole section of WFSD-2, where the core recovery was poor, sidetracking technology was used to get better core recovery and core quality. During the drilling of WFSD-4 hole, pipe stuck accidents occurred within the casing, casing sidetracking technology was used to by pass the obstacle in the hole. This article describes the casing sidetracking technology used in complex formations, referring to the technical measures adopted from preparation to implementation period. The successful application of sidetracking save project implementation time and cost, this will be good guidance and reference for future similar operations.

Abstract:The formations of Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project (WFSD) are extremely complicated. They are strong broken, high water sensitive and high stressed, which resulted in high difficulty of drilling operation. On the basis of theoretical analysis, some countermeasures were put forward to solve the problems. During the drilling operation of several boreholes of Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project, we selected and evolved four different drilling fluid systems, included modified sulfonated, LBM-GLA and potassium lime polysulfonated drilling fluid systems, which have been good effective in applications. Also, this paper summarized the characteristics and application scope of all the drilling fluid systems. In addition, some experiences and suggestions on drilling fluid application for the deep hole with complex formation are put forward.

Abstract:This article introduces the structure and working principle of YZX130 hydraulic hammer, and summarizes its main features by analyzing the debugging and testing results. The application of YZX130 hydraulic hammer in WFSD-4 well proved that this hammer could substantially increase round trip coring length and rate of penetration, especially in hard and broken formation. However, its effect in weak and loose formation with high plasticity was relatively poor.

Abstract:Formations were extremely complicated in WFSD-4 of Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project, and the drilling construction was also very difficult. Higher drilling fluid technology was required. The potassium lime polysulfonated drilling fluid system was selected as the WFSD-4’s main system. The paper introduced the use and maintenance of drilling fluid systems used in each borehole section. In addition, the special process of drilling fluid technology and the response to complex situations are introduced in detail.

Abstract:Since Major Exploration Technology and Engineering was set up 60 years ago, a lot of engineers have been nurtured. For the 60 years they have made great contributions to economic construction in different areas of China. However, at present time how to improve teaching quality of the major and how to nurture the students to become socialist builders and reliable successors is an actual and real problem and it should be studied, because talent competition is more and more keen and job employment and position occupation are more and more serious .Teaching plan can response training objectives, courses descriptions and teaching process and has some significance for estimating teaching quality and its results. Therefore, contrasting research on teaching plans of corresponding majors between Russia and China is made and some suggestions from it are given.

Abstract:Makeng iron deposit is a scientific research base in Longyan of Fujian Province where the research on key technlolgies of deep drilling is taken as subjects for the first time in China. It is an innovation achievement of integrated optimization by relying on Fujian Makeng peripheral which is one of Datianshenquan projects by whole mount exploration group 47#, with comprehensive collection and absorption of previous research results, the applications of advanced drilling technologies both in China and abroad and the solution of drilling difficulties in Makeng and Shiyankeng deposits. The paper introduces the field site about its setting up and the construction as well as the drilling practice and technical innovation in Makeng iron deposit.