Abstract:The alpine valley region in southwest China is the key area where Chinese major railway projects are planned such as Sichuan-Tibet Railway. However， most tunnel works designed in the alpine valley region has the characters of deep burial and great length， and conventional vertical drilling methods cannot satisfy the sophisticated investigation requirements. This paper puts forwards horizontal directional investigution technology， by which horizontal directional holes can be designed along the tunnel axis to provide an effective method for tunnel investigution. The key components of directional investigution technology includes drilling technology， coring technology， drilling trajectory control technology， MWD / LWD， comprehensive logging technology. The existing problems are examined with analysis of the development and application status of horizontal directional investigution technology at home and abroad， and it is proposed to develop a safe， efficient， economical and reasonable horizontal directional investigution technology system through R & D on key technology and equipment for horizontal directional multi-process drilling with capacity over 3000m in a single trip.

Abstract:Taking the magnetotelluric behavior of the adverse hydrothermal geological structures at Chaluo Tunnel of Sichuan???-Tibet Railway as the research object， and with magnetotelluric multi-psite， multi-frequency tensor decomposition， this paper distinguishes the statistical rose diagram of the geo-electrical strike， frequency-based cloud maps， site-based cloud images and structural dimension parameters， and then uses fine two-dimensional inversion technology to infer the geological structure characteristics， and to image the adverse geo-structures. The purpose of geo-structure imaging is to provide geophysical reference for route selection for the Sichuan-Tibet Railway tunnel. The conclusions are as follows： the Geotectonics at the proposed tunnel is of strong two-dimensional nature； therefore， it is suitable to carry out two-dimensional magnetotelluric sounding as a means of tunnel hydrothermal investigation. With characterization of the geo-structure in the study area， the mechanism of the deep geothermal migration mode of the hot spring group in the study area is deduced， while the possibility of the thermal hazard affecting the construction of Chaluo Tunnel is very small， with only some potential water damage in the position where the fault of Zamagang-Maoyaba passes through the tunnel.

Abstract:The newly-built Sichuan-Tibet Railway passes through the Western Sichuan Plateau. Precipitous topography， vulnerable ecology and poor traffic conditions of the region bring about many obstacles for carrying out investigation drilling， especially for lots of extra-long deep tunnels. Horizontal core drilling is one of the important means for investigation for tunnels. In view of these conditions， the original design of the portable drilling rig EP600Plus will face such problems as inability to drill horizontal boreholes， high drilling resistance， low coring efficiency due to frequent high-pressure water gushing. With flexible application of various methods including drill upgrading， process innovation， supply of auxiliary equipment， and building access bridges and roads with steel pipes for the first time as environment protection measures，use wire-line core drilling technology， a horizontal coring borehole was completed at depth of 903.28m with a full technical plan established and proven with application. The main achievements can provide important reference for similar investigation projects.

Abstract:Sichuan-Tibet Railway is a most challenging project in the history of railway construction. The geological conditions along the railway are complex， and the internal and external dynamic geological disasters are extremely developed. In view of the possible engineering hazards such as rock burst， water gushing， and rock radioactivity， a large number of in-hole tests should be carried out for the Sichuan Tibet Railway investigation project， including in-situ stress test， hydrological test， ground temperature test， comprehensive logging. Taking Borehole DZ-S-04-1 as an example， this paper introduces in detail the in-hole test items and borehole quality control plan for the investigation hole for Sichuan-Tibet Railway. With careful design and construction， Borehole DZ-S-04-1 has been successfully completed together with the in-hole tests， which provides valuable data basis for subsequent construction.

Abstract:Exploration for deep mineral deposits is underway in China and great progress has been made， and the same is true for other countries. In drilling deep boreholes， drilling technology and operation are very important， since it directly influences technical and economical indexes of drilling. At present they are guided mainly by data shown at surface devices. However， the data are different from borehole bottom real parameters， and the greater the depth，the bigger the difference. According to the results from Russian super deep borehole drilling research， the difference between them can be up to 25% to 30%. Russian specialists have successfully developed the downhole measurement system with good results obtained. This paper summarizes， discusses， analyzes and introduces the sensors-the key elements in the measurement system， so as to provide some reference for drilling ultra-deep geological boreholes with depth of 13000m in China.

Abstract:To improve the drilling efficiency of diamond bits in reinforced concrete and strong abrasive rock， a pre-alloyed Fe powder with high wear resistance and cold pressing molding ability was selected for the matrix. The formulas of Fe matrix were designed to research the effect of Fe-based pre-alloy powder， Cu， Ni and Co on the matrix and drilling properties of the diamond drill bits. Analysis was conducted of the tensile strength， three-point bending strength and hardness of the sintered samples of different formula， and the ruptures of the sintered samples were investigated with SEM. The drilling efficiency and life of the drill bits was field tested. The effects of heat insulation time on the mechanical properties of Fe-based matrix were also analyzed. The results showed that Cu， Ni and Co had a great influence on the bending strength and hardness of the Fe-based matrix， and the mechanical properties of the Fe-based matrix can be improved when the insulation time was 5min.

Abstract:The technical difficulties， including serious leakage， stuck drilling， tripping， obstruction in wellbore clean-up， and the corresponding treatment measures in regard to drilling of the Well Qianshuidi-1 of shale gas exploration in the central Guizhong-Nanpanjiang area are summarized. Due to the complex formations encountered， various measures such as backfilling of clay， commercial concrete plugging， drilling blind against leakage， cuttings bailing， air drilling， drilling with casing， sealing with casing， and other measures had been adopted for treatment. In addition， in view of the actual engineering situation， various drilling fluid formulations were used for this complex formation， and they all achieved certain effects. The drilling technology and drilling fluid technology optimization experience accumulated in this process can provide some reference for the future implementation of shale gas exploration technology in the complex structural area in Southwestern Guizhou.

Abstract:The crushing of the rock is the result of the interaction between the drill bit and the bottom hole plane rock， and the bottom hole stress field is an important factor determining the rock fragmentation effect of the drill bit. In this paper， the finite element numerical simulation method is used to discuss the regular pattern of bottom hole pressure difference on bottom hole plane rock stress under specific ground stress conditions. To consider that reduce the bottom hole pressure can reduce the equivalent stress of rock， changing the stress state of rock， which is conducive to rock breaking by bit. At the same time， it is concluded that the rock near the center of the borehole is the most easily broken， and the rock stress value near the borehole wall is the largest. There will be obvious stress concentration near the borehole wall 0.8R（R is the radius of the borehole）， which makes the rock in this area the most difficult to break. It provides theory basis for the study of the most economical， effective drilling and breakage rock technology.

Abstract:As one of the well types for coal seam methane development， horizontal wells present difficulties for drilling， including safe landing， coalbed intersection rate， reservoir protection， anti-collapse and anti-sticking； and among them the coal seam intersection rate is an important index to improve gas productivity. With the continuous development of drilling technology and MWD tools， geological logging probes， short subs and geo-steering technology have also been applied in the drilling of coal bed methane horizontal wells. At present， gamma probes， particularly azimuth gamma probes， have found wide use in coal bed methane horizontal well drilling. Gamma probes can provide downhole geological parameters for the field decision-makers with their functions of lithological identification， formation correlation， and apparent formation dip calculation； thus， effectively serving the drilling. This paper describes the application of azimuth gamma probes in coal bed methane horizontal well drilling in the context of drilling of a coal bed methane horizontal well.

Abstract:The magnetic sensor and the acceleration sensor used in the magnetic borehole inclinometer bring errors to the output of the sensors due to their own difference in characteristics and their production and assembly， resulting in the deviation in the calculation of the drift angle and azimuth of the inclinometer. Therefore， the twelve-position calibration method is adopted to correct the three axis zero position deviation， sensitivity error and installation error of the magnetic sensor and the acceleration sensor according to the geomagnetic component and gravitational acceleration in the vertical direction. The comparison experiment before and after correction shows that the mean square error of the drift angle of the inclinometer is reduced from 0.5° to 0.06°， the mean square error of the azimuth is reduced from 21.75° to 0.82°. It demonstrates that the correction method is effective and can meet the requirements of the engineering application of the inclinometer.

Abstract:With the development of energy exploration and deep exploration in China， there are more and more deep wells， and the formation temperature and pressure are higher and higher. To ensure the stability of rheological properties of drilling fluid under high temperature and high pressure is a prerequisite for safe drilling in deep wells. The determination of rheological properties of drilling fluid under high temperature and high pressure is the most basic work for evaluation and optimization of the drilling fluid system. With the support of the national major equipment and instrument development project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China， the first ultra high temperature and high pressure rheometer in China has been successfully developed by tackling the technical problems with the pressure control system， temperature control system， shear rate control system， viscosity detection system， etc. The instrument can measure the rheological properties of drilling fluid， completion fluid and fracturing fluid with high precision under high temperature and high pressure， as well as low temperature and high pressure.

Abstract:The NPR anchor cable monitoring system based on the two-body catastrophic mechanics model for interfacial Newton force measurement has been applied at many landslide sites. However， it is the first time in China that the cross-fault Newton force monitoring system for super-long anchor cables is used for early earthquake warning and scientific research. This paper， in regard to the construction of NPR anchor cables with a diameter of ?150mm， a free length of 240m and a total length of 300m for Wenshan Cross-fault Newton Force Monitoring Station CY-1 of the Seismological Bureau of Changyi city， Shandong province， introduces the comprehensive construction technologies made up of small incidence angle， large diameter and super long hole core drilling， casing while drilling， multi-performance mud wall protection， stepped borehole reaming， and the integrated cable placing and mud injection system of “wireline drill pipe+locating plate+steel strand+connector release with female thread+guiding anchor head” for such complex strata as loose pebbles and broken rocks.

Abstract:The difficulty in the treatment of geological hazards in valley type natural scenic spots lies in the harmonization of geological hazard treatment and local natural scenery， which means to eliminate the potential geological hazards while retaining the background characteristics of the scenic spot. This paper gives an introduction to the geological features of the rock rockfall hazards in a scenic spot in Beijing. The stability of dangerous rock mass （belt） is calculated and evaluated， with the causes and development trends of geological disasters analyzed. Finally， the methods and approaches of geological disaster treatment for the scenic spot are compared and analyzed， and the reinforcement and avoidance measures are selected. Through this paper， a treatment plan that is economical， reasonable， and compatible with the scenery is found to protect the natural landscape and natural resources in the scenic spot to the greatest extent. It can provide reference for the management of related geological disasters.

Abstract:Potable water supply is a vital problem that relates to the human health and social and economic development in Ghana. In order to solve this problem， many governments including China and international organizations initiated a couple of water well construction projects to improve the situation. Hubei Geological Engineering Co.， Ltd has overcome a variety of difficulties， completed over 4000 water wells in Ghana， and accumulated rich experiences in 21 years. In the paper， firstly the hydrological and geological settings， and the technical requirements of water wells in the country are introduced. Then， a set of drilling equipment which is suitable for the local conditions is put forwarded. For each of the 3 main rock types in Ghana， namely granite， phyllite， and quartz sandstone， a well drilling and well completion solution， covering open hole drilling， pilot hole drilling， reaming， RIH of screen pipes and backfilling gravel material is provided respectively.

Abstract:The comprehensive supporting scheme of bored cast-in-place piles plus prestressing anchor cables， cantilever pile support and slope grading is designed for the foundation pit of Beijing Shiyuan Town Reception Center according to the geological conditions. Analysis is conducted of the change rules of the horizontal and vertical displacement of the pile， the surface settlement and the bolt tension through monitoring the horizontal and vertical displacement of the top of the supporting structure， the ground settlement around the foundation pit， the deep horizontal displacement of the supporting structure， and the anchor bolt tension. At the same time， the monitoring data are summarized to provide the basis for the future design.

Abstract:The new coal-fired power plant project in Bangladesh is located in marine sedimentary strata， and bored piles are used for the pile foundation. In order to solve the construction problems brought about by the new construction conditions in Bangladesh， the construction was carried out according to the construction standards of China， and rotary drilling bored piles with post grouting were adopted to eliminate the influence of drilling settlements and mud cake around the piles on the bearing capacity of foundation piles； thus improving the bearing capacity of foundation piles. The test results showed that the piles met the Class I standard. Through the successful application of post grouting technology in this project， the field operation control measures are summarized， which can provide reference for bored pile post grouting construction technology in “the Belt and Road” countries.