Abstract:Silicon on Insulator is a new electronic material. In Russia a new measurement tool for bottom hole parameters has been developed using the SOI technology. The tool has such advantages as thermal stability， radiation resistance， high accuracy， good sensitivity and high reliability. It is suggested that we attach importance to the tool， and explore and study it.

Abstract:The ultra-deep hole geological core drilling technology and equipment is successfully developed by the Institute of Exploration Techniques， CAGS in cooperation with several domestic units.It is the research achievement of the national key R & D program “Research and Development and Demonstration of 5000m Intelligent Geological Drilling Technology and Equipment” of the “13th Five Year Plan”. The ultra-deep hole geological core drilling is standardized designed， the drilling equipment is lightweight， the drilling control is intelligentized， the wellhead operation is automatic， the in-hole drilling tools is seriation， and the mud system is greenization. The integration and demonstration application is completed taking the JZ04 geothermal geological exploration well as the demonstration platform. As a result， a new minor-caliber structure for geological drilling is rebuilt， two Asian records is created namely the deepest drilling depth using ?114mm wire-line coring technology and the deepest depth using ?146mm geological casing. The ultra-deep hole geological core drilling technology and equipment system with the wire-line coring as the main technology is preliminary formed.

Abstract:The identification of rock types is of great significance to the safety and economic benefits of drilling engineering. Real-time rock type during drilling. The identification is mostly through logging while drilling， but it is rarely used in the field of geological exploration due to the high cost of logging while drilling. In this paper， the drilling parameters （ROP， WOB， rotational speed， bit torque， pump pressure， pump volume） of Jinchuan Scientific Drill are used to identify rock types through a fusion model. First， the noise of the drilling parameter data is reduced by the Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter， and then the data is normalized. Finally， the fusion model is used to predict rock types. The primary learners of the fusion model are Support Vector Machines， Artificial Neural Networks and Random Forests， and the weights of each model are calculated by the secondary learner Bayesian model averaging algorithm. The results show that the accuracy of the multi-model fusion algorithm is 0.9686， which is higher than that of each individual algorithm.

Abstract:Seabed drilling rig is indispensable technical equipment for seabed resource exploration， marine geological survey and marine scientific investigation， and the rotation system is one of the core components of seabed drilling rig for providing rotational speed and torque for the drill bit. In the hydraulic system with quantitative pump oil supply， a differential relief valve is placed in the rotation system to reduce the influence of load fluctuation on the output speed of the system. The rotation hydraulic system of subsea drilling rig is modeled and simulated by AMESim at step load. The simulation results show that the constant differential relief valve can always make the pump outlet pressure match the load， effectively improve the stability of output speed， and at the same time realize system energy saving.

Abstract:As an efficient， economical and environmentally friendly foundation form， suction bucket foundation has been widely used in marine engineering. Among them， the jacket foundation supported by multiple suction bucket is widely used in the offshore wind power field. How to realize the safe and efficient penetration of the suction bucket and meet the technical indicators of the installation of the suction bucket jacket is the key to the construction design. This paper systematically summarizes the calculation methods of penetration resistance， required suction and allowable suction of suction bucket foundation in clay and sand layers. Based on specific construction cases， the penetration analysis is carried out， the self-weight penetration depth of suction bucket is predicted， and the reasonable suction setting method and the main limiting factors of allowable suction are mastered， which provides technical reference for offshore construction of suction bucket jacket foundation.

Abstract:A cap-plate logging while drilling tool experienced internal leakage in downhole operation due to the penetration crack between the inner channel and the T-groove bottom. The original location of the crack was determined through analysing the morphology of the penetrating crack， and then the cause for the penetrating crack was determined through the macro- and micro-analysis of the fracture. Finally， the structure of the tool was optimized with the finite element analysis to improve the service life. The analysis results show that the presence of large stress concentration and the cutting marks at the bottom edge of the T-shaped groove led to the fatigue penetration crack， which causes the intrusion of drilling mud， and the crack originated from both sides of the through bore at the bottom of the groove. The stress distribution can be improved by optimizing the groove bottom fillet and other measures.

Abstract:Hot dry rock resource is a kind of renewable clean energy with huge reserves， the development of hot dry rock needs to inject high-pressure water into deep strata through deep wells， and make it penetrate into the crack of rock stratum and absorb geothermal energy. As the migration channel of fluid， fracture network is very important in the exploitation and utilization of thermal energy in hot dry rock. While the high heterogeneity of reservoir fracture distribution， and the diversity of control and influence factors lead to difficulties on the research work. In this paper， geophysical exploration technology and seismic exploration are used to delineate the target area and drill hole positioning， vertical accurate positioning of fractures during drilling， comprehensive logging to judge the location of thermal reservoir and thermal reservoir quality evaluation； and micro seismic to judge the fracture space distribution during fracturing. The key technologies for accurate identification of fractures in hot dry rock reservoirs are systematically summarized and analyzed， which has guiding significance for improving the exploitation and utilization efficiency of hot dry rock.

Abstract:The Well Shunbei 56X is a key pre-exploration well in the Shunbei V belt area. This well is completed in total depth of 9300m and vertical depth of 8087.94m. The static temperature at the bottom of the well is up to 178℃. Because there is fault zone in the reservoir stratum with complex geological condition such as broken strata， ultra-high depth and high temperature， challenges exists when drilled such as high friction and torque， difficult trajectory control， high failure rate of MWD， high bottom temperature， high rate of instrument broken and so on. In view of such technical problems， directional drilling technology system in ultra-deep well is built through optimizing the borehole trajectory， high temperature measuring instrument while drilling， drilling craft process， directional bit， fast control of tool face， drilling with the guidance of seismic data， and safety evaluation of ultimate extension capacity. The Well Shunbei 56X is the first horizontal well with the total depth exceeding 9000m in onshore Asia. The technology applied in Shunbei 56X well can provide technical support for exploration and development in Shunbei Oil & Gas Field.

Abstract:The Permian igneous strata in Shunbei Oil and Gas Field has the following characteristics： fragmentation， fracture development， pressure sensitivity， burial depth of more than 4445m， thickness of more than 548mm， and serious leakage during drilling. Technologies such as cement， chemical consolidation， high filtration， chemical gel， bridge plugging and plugging slurry drilling have been applied since the exploration and development of the field in 2013. The leakage causes are defined by analyzing the characteristics of Permian igneous rock strata. The plugging technology applicable to different leakage is determined through the evaluation of the applied plugging technology with the application results. Finally four plugging technologies for different leakage layers are determined with bridge plugging for small and medium fractures， plugging slurry drilling for multi fracture leakage layers， and chemical consolidation or high filtration plugging for large fractures. Through popularization and application， the plugging time and leakage amount of Permian igneous rock formation in No. 1 fault zone and No.5 fault zone of Shunbei Oil and Gas Field have been significantly controlled with the leakage amount reduced by 87.2%， and the plugging time cut by 92.9%.

Abstract:Gas storage is an important means to reserve natural gas strategic resources and allocate natural gas production， which has good social and economic benefits. There are some problems in the drilling operation of gas storage， such as wellbore cleaning， wellbore instability， downhole leakage， etc. In view of such problems， the existing drilling fluid technology is optimized to effectively reduce the downhole complex and form a set of large wellbore drilling fluid technology for gas storage wells. After using this technology， the yield point of drilling fluid is over 0.3 Pa， which meets the needs of borehole cleaning. The finished drilling density is below 1.20 g/cm³， and the filtration loss is less than 6 mL， which ensures the borehole stability. The formation bearing capacity can be increased to the equivalent density of above 1.36 g/cm³ after using the supramolecular gel as sealing agent， the proportion of the lost time dealing with the complexity decreased from 10% to 5.26%， which meets the needs of gas storage construction.

Abstract:It is difficult to “cap” cement in the lost circulation formation of geothermal wells. In most cases， the well cementation is failure due to the deviation of the squeezed cement slurry from the design position. In this paper， the technical idea of “cap” cementation in lost circulation zone is proposed， that is， the moving position of the cement slurry column is effectively controlled by balancing the fluid column pressure in the well with the formation fracture pressure， and the cement slurry is prevented from being diluted by controlling the displacement of squeeze injection. Open cementing and closed cementing methods can be both used in practice. The open cementing is suitable in the condition that the difference of the casing lever among the upper parts and the lower parts is small especially in same level. The shaft is always connected with the outside air and the upper and lower shaft always connected in the process of slurry injection. The cement slurry column moves down a long distance during the balancing process and is easily diluted， and the position of the slurry column is difficult to control when the upper casing is quite different from the lower one. However， the required tools are simple. The closed cementing is suitable for any casing matching requirements， especially for the larger casing grade difference. For this method， special sealing tools shall be used to seal the lower casing， the upper and lower wellbore are impassable during cementing， which could avoid the disadvantages of long downward distance of cement slurry column， difficult position control and easy dilution， etc.

Abstract:The main gas layers in the Y area of Yanchang Gas Field are the Benxi Formation， Shanxi Formation and Shihezi Formation of the Upper Paleozoic， among which the Benxi Formation had overpressure phenomenon during construction due to the high formation pressure. Incomplete gel breaking after conventional fracturing led to high formation damage due to the high clay mineral content and strong water sensitivity of the Shanxi Formation and Shihezi Formation. In order to solve the problems of water lock， high content of gel breaker residue and high reservoir damage in the Y area of Yanchang Gas Field， a Slickwo online fracturing fluid system has been developed. The slickwo online fracturing fluid system was evaluated in laboratory and field. Laboratory experiments show that the swelling time of the fracturing fluid is 2min， the viscosity is about 50mPa·S at 120℃ for 90min， the anti-swelling rate is 80%， core damage rate less than 15%， and the surface tension of the breaker is 24.35mN/m. The application in the Y area of Yanchang Gas Field shows that the Slickwo online fracturing fluid can meet the requirements of online mixing operation and site sand addition.

Abstract:The traditional bentonite mud can hardly meet the engineering requirements because of serious slurry leakage， frequent trench side collapse， and highly increased construction cost. On the basis of theoretical analysis， experimental research was carried out to develop a new type of trench side protection mud by comprehensive modification of natural clay mud to solve the problem of trench side collapse in sand， gravel， and boulder layers. The basic modifier CN-1 was determined through the optimization test to improve its suspension stability. On this basis， the adhesive lifting agent （CG-14S） and the cooperative plugging agent （DFD-2） were further obtained through optimization to improve its comprehensive performance index. The optimized formula was determined by orthogonal test， and the performance and cost evaluation was carried out. Field tests were conducted， and a modified clay mud for trench side protection was finally developed. It is made up of 15% natural clay+0.2%CN-1+0.4‰CG-14S+0.5‰DFD-2， and can be used in the construction of the diaphragm wall in gravel and boulder layers. The research results provide an option for solving the problem of trench side collapse in the construction of the diaphragm wall in complex strata.

Abstract:In the case of a typical circular deep foundation pit with a diameter of 10.0m and a depth of 24.50m in the eastern suburb of Xi’an， in order to solve the difficulties in excavating a pipe jacking well with a small size and a large depth in the loess area collapsible under overburden pressure， including the extremely complex surrounding environment， close proximity of the working well to multi-storey buildings which are extremely sensitive to deformation， no anchor cable construction space， the circular reinforced concrete was used to resist the earth pressure instead of the traditional inner support， which not only eliminated disturbance on the excavation in the narrow space， but also controlled the deformation of the enclosure structure and protected the safety of the surrounding environment. Several engineering practices show that in a circular deep foundation pit with a diameter of less than 12m and a depth of no more than 25m， the designed system has low cost， small deformation with the enclosure structure， safe and reliable surrounding environment， no anchor rod （cable） remaining in the soil， and no impact on the later development and utilization of the adjacent underground space， which provides reference for excavating similar deep foundation pits in the loess area collapsible under overburden pressure.

Abstract:There are 5 sections of artificially filled high subgrade subsiding of 100~600mm in Tahuangqi East Station of Tangshan-Baotou Railway Line， which seriously affects driving safety. In view of such problem， the upper part of the subsidence subgrade was filled with soil， the bottom of the ballast was grouted， the retaining walls were added and stones were layed on the shoulder of the subsidence section at the two edges of the station area. In the construction process， the construction difficulties such as the secondary vertical reverse transport of materials in the high subgrade station area， near horizontal tilt implantation of the grouting pipe at the top of the subgrade in the high subgrade station area， sealing of the ring gap of the grouting pipe wall and the implantation of the grouting pipe on the line rail are solved. The quality standards and engineering objectives of disease control were achieved.

Abstract:This paper briefly introduces the application background and working principle of the double wheel milling trench cutter. In view of the probleum happened in the process of underground diaphragm wall trench in hard rocks using double wheel milling， this paper analyzes the misunderstanding of the mere milling method at the present stage， and the disadvantages of the pure milling method in the hard rock working condition， concludes that mere milling in hard rock can not give full play to the core advantages of the double wheel milling cutter， and then puts forward a drilling and milling combination method applied to trenching in hard rock. The advantages of the combined construction method are analyzed， and based on the principle of parallel operation， the key step of the construction method “drilling”is emphatically introduced from the selection of the guide hole construction method， the guide hole arrangement and the hole diameter selection. Three kinds of drilling arrangement methods suitable for different diameters， different rock strengths and different drilling equipment are proposed. In regard to the relevant cases， the practical application of the construction method and the benefits achieved are verified and explained. In the end， it expounds the purposes of “drilling” and “milling”， and defines the primary and secondary relationship between them.

Abstract:Conventional rotary steerable downhole wireless short transmission is magnetically coupled fixed frequency transmission， The resonant frequency of the communication coil changes with the environment， which easily leading the received signal strength floating with the drilling process， and may not be received in severe cases， and even cause garbled code. In this paper， an adaptive detection technology of downhole communication coil resonance frequency based on automatic window algorithm is proposed. It starts with the introduction of the self-detection principle of downhole communication coil resonance frequency. Then compared with four kinds of adaptive frequency selection algorithms， the automatic window algorithm is determined to be the more reasonable adaptive frequency selection algorithm. Finally， adaptive frequency selection and frequency-sweep method are used to detect the resonant frequency of two batches of customized downhole coils， in order to demonstrate the reliability of automatic window frequency selection technology. This technology can automatically adapt to the downhole environment and provide reliable resonant frequency parameters for downhole wireless short transmission. As the power transmission efficiency of downhole rotary transformer is closely related to the resonant frequency， this technology can also be extended to the deformation design of downhole rotary transformer to optimize the power transmission efficiency during drilling.

Abstract:At present， the measurement of mud filter loss in the drilling site or in the mud laboratory is mainly based on the traditional manual measurement，with cumbersome measurement procedures， large reading error， and low work efficiency. For this reason， the research and development of the automatic measuring instrument for mud filtration has been carried out. LSZ-1 automatic instrument for medium and low pressure mud filtration has been developed through technical breakthrough in structural design， software development， sensor optimization， new filter material development， etc. Through laboratory tests， key technological breakthroughs such as automatic measurement of mud filtration loss， data storage and wireless transmission， and automatic cleaning of the device have been realized. The successful development of this instrument can provide technical support for the implementation of intelligent deep drilling engineering in the future， effectively reduce labor intensity， improve data measurement reliability and work efficiency， and is the core technical equipment of drilling information and automation.

Abstract:The horizontal directional drilling technology for engineering investigation can solve some problems that the vertical drilling fails to solve. This paper introduces the status of the horizontal directional drilling technology in trenchless pipeline laying， oil and gas drilling， geological exploration， and the application in engineering investigation. The advantages of the horizontal directional drilling in engineering investigation in terms of applicability， survey speed and survey accuracy is discussed， we conclude that the horizontal directional drilling is suitable for investigation in the fields of deep buried tunnels and other horizontal linear projects， existing building reinforcement projects， archaeological excavation and exploration. Finally， this paper puts forward suggestions for the development of the horizontal directional drilling technology applied to investigation， including super-long hole drilling， trajectory control， continuous coring， and comprehensive measurement.

Abstract:In recent years， the large-diameter borehole rescue technology has been successfully applied in mine disaster rescue for many times. However， the construction efficiency of drilling rescue is affected by the complexity of stratum， the lack of equipment and process adaptation. This paper takes large-diameter borehole rescue equipment and large-diameter rapid drilling technology as the main line， sorts out the main problems existing in borehole rescue technology at present， and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. Including the research and development of dual power head drilling rig， drilling with casing technology， high-efficiency casing welding technology， down-the-hole hammer drilling technology and reverse circulation drilling technology， etc. Hoping to provide sugestions and technical foundation for large-diameter borehole rescue and further improve the construction efficiency of borehole rescue and accelerate the construction of scientific mine rescue system.

Abstract:Broken soft coal seams account for a large proportion of coal resources in China， and generally， in-seam drilling is featured of poor hole-forming and shallow drilling depth； while air as a flushing medium of directional drilling process is an effective way to solve the outstanding problems in soft coal seam drilling. In some mining areas， a large amount of condensed water is generated by the flushing medium due to complex working conditions， resulting in extremely low efficiency of in-seam directional drilling， or even difficulty in drilling in broken and soft coal seams. Therefore， from the perspective of underground directional drilling technology for broken soft coal seams， the author analyzes and studies the formation mechanism of condensed water in the air flushing medium under complex working conditions and the influence of condensed water on directional drilling operations in air drilling， and has solved the problem of low drilling efficiency under the complex working conditions by improving the flushing medium channel device. The research results have been verified and applied in a mine in Southwest China. With the improved process， the maximum footage per shift of in-seam directional drilling with the air screw motor reached 51m in soft coal seam with the maximum average drilling rate for a single hole up to 34.5m/shift， which provides an example for in-seam drilling in the similar environment and has important significance for promoting the research on drilling in broken soft coal seam under complex working conditions.

Abstract:With the continuous development of resource exploration and geoscience exploration to the deep earth， drilling， as the only technical method to directly obtain underground information， has attracted more and more attention， and also promoted the progress of diamond bit technology for rock fragmentation. This paper introduces diamond bits， their classification， working process and application from the perspective of science popularization.