Abstract:Given the critical importance of water cycle variations in extreme ecological environments such as high-altitude and arid regions to national ecological security， there is a pressing need to research on monitoring devices and technologies for key parameters of water cycle. This paper focuses on technical challenges associated with field in-situ/mobile/non-contact， automatic and stable monitoring of key parameters encompassing water cycle. A series of studies have been conducted to explore new technological devices for monitoring these key parameters of soil， air， ice， and snow in ecological systems. By establishing an integrated monitoring system for ecosystems based on the Internet of Things （IoT）， the industry technological barriers are hope to be broken through， and the interdisciplinary collaboration across fields including engineering， geology， and computer science can be fostered. Through collaborative efforts in researching and innovating key parameter monitoring technologies for the water cycle in extreme ecological environments， extensive， all-weather and three-dimensional monitoring of critical ecological functional areas will be achieved. This endeavor will hold significant importance in advancing China’s ecological civilization construction and promoting the comprehensive application and development of ecological monitoring technologies in the country.

Abstract:〗Deep ice core drilling is an important constituent part of the polar scientific research. In polar exploration sampling process, at the same time of achieving high quality samples, the drilling fluid pollution to the polar region should be reduced to the lowest degree, which has great significance to the polar native environment protection. According to the stratum conditions of the polar scientific drilling, a transport model of pollutant in the snow layer is established by Visual Modflow. When the pollutants concentration maintains constant, numerical simulation for the borehole pollutants is made to predict the pollutants in snow plume diffusion range in a decade. On this basis, contrastive analysis is made on the pollutant dispersion ability of snow under different dispersion coefficient. The drilling fluid used in the polar is 10 times that of water, with the increase of pollutants viscosity, the diffusion range will also be reduced correspondingly. This study result lays the important theoretical and technical basis for the evaluation of the influence of drilling fluid used in polar ice core drilling on the polar environment.