Most downloaded articles
2017, 44(12):1-20.
Abstract:
During phase 1（2001—2008） of Japan Methane Hydrate R&D program（MH21）and later, Japan participated in NGH production tests in permafrost zone in Canada Mallik and US Alaska; In 2000 and 2004, a exploration well and a multiplewell coring project were respectively executed. Since the beginning of phase 2（2009—2015） of the MH21, Japan had strenthened the drilling and coring studies for methane hydrate reservoir in Eastern Nankai Trough with CDEX hybrid PCS, as well as comducted fine analysis and characterization for coring samples of hydratebearing sediments under pressure with Pressure Core Characterization Tools（PCCT）, etc.; The strategy of Environmental Impact Assessment（EIA）study was put forwaded, and EIA methodology seriously was applied, as well as monitoring systems for offshore production tests, including Methane Leakage Monitoring System (MLMS), Seafloor Deformation Monitoring System (SDMS) etc., were deploied. Japan completed offshore methane hydrate production testmethane producrd from deepwater hydrate layers in the Eastern Nankai Trough in 12—18 of March, 2013. Cumulative volume of gas production was 120000m3 in 6 day, average volume of gas production——20000m3/day. This is the first offshore methane hydrate successful production test in the world, and a milestone in NGH development history in the world. At the same time, the NGH commercial production will be internationally a very difficut and long period.
During phase 1（2001—2008） of Japan Methane Hydrate R&D program（MH21）and later, Japan participated in NGH production tests in permafrost zone in Canada Mallik and US Alaska; In 2000 and 2004, a exploration well and a multiplewell coring project were respectively executed. Since the beginning of phase 2（2009—2015） of the MH21, Japan had strenthened the drilling and coring studies for methane hydrate reservoir in Eastern Nankai Trough with CDEX hybrid PCS, as well as comducted fine analysis and characterization for coring samples of hydratebearing sediments under pressure with Pressure Core Characterization Tools（PCCT）, etc.; The strategy of Environmental Impact Assessment（EIA）study was put forwaded, and EIA methodology seriously was applied, as well as monitoring systems for offshore production tests, including Methane Leakage Monitoring System (MLMS), Seafloor Deformation Monitoring System (SDMS) etc., were deploied. Japan completed offshore methane hydrate production testmethane producrd from deepwater hydrate layers in the Eastern Nankai Trough in 12—18 of March, 2013. Cumulative volume of gas production was 120000m3 in 6 day, average volume of gas production——20000m3/day. This is the first offshore methane hydrate successful production test in the world, and a milestone in NGH development history in the world. At the same time, the NGH commercial production will be internationally a very difficut and long period.
2006, 33(12):5-8.
Abstract:
The foundation of the main building of Macao Meigaomei Gold Palace consists of 38 under-reamed bored cast-inplace piles, the diameter of pile hole was enlarged from 3m to 4.2 - 4. 5m in narrow light weathered granite construction field. So Benoto Method, reverse circulation drilling with quadruple-wing drag bits, drilling with roller-type cutting head and combined drilling technology was adopted as well as wall protection with mud, which is strictly districted in Hongkong and Macao. The project became an example for pile hole drilling with mud in Hongkong and Macao, and good economic result was received.
The foundation of the main building of Macao Meigaomei Gold Palace consists of 38 under-reamed bored cast-inplace piles, the diameter of pile hole was enlarged from 3m to 4.2 - 4. 5m in narrow light weathered granite construction field. So Benoto Method, reverse circulation drilling with quadruple-wing drag bits, drilling with roller-type cutting head and combined drilling technology was adopted as well as wall protection with mud, which is strictly districted in Hongkong and Macao. The project became an example for pile hole drilling with mud in Hongkong and Macao, and good economic result was received.
2016, 43(2):78-84.
Abstract:
For the comprehensive control of an unstable slope in Lanzhou, by the use of anti-slide pile, soil retaining plank, pre-stressed anchor cable, passive protection net, active protection net, cutting (drainage) channel and backfill planting, the optimal combination of safety benefit, ecological benefit and economic benefit were achieved. Based on the analysis on regional engineering geological conditions, the paper puts forward the overall design ideas and introduces the design of various engineering measures as well as the construction points.
For the comprehensive control of an unstable slope in Lanzhou, by the use of anti-slide pile, soil retaining plank, pre-stressed anchor cable, passive protection net, active protection net, cutting (drainage) channel and backfill planting, the optimal combination of safety benefit, ecological benefit and economic benefit were achieved. Based on the analysis on regional engineering geological conditions, the paper puts forward the overall design ideas and introduces the design of various engineering measures as well as the construction points.
2015, 42(6):1-5.
Abstract:
The drilling construction was difficult in Tongling copper-gold polymetallic ore concentration area of Anhui, where caves and fissures developed; long construction period and high cost were caused by serious drilling fluid loss in the drilling process. But good result was achieved by the preparation of asphalt balls which were used in ZK6616 hole for limestone and fractured marble formations plugging. This case can be a good reference to those formations where the conventional plugging means have no effect; and at the same time, it has an important significance for the loss zone drilling.
The drilling construction was difficult in Tongling copper-gold polymetallic ore concentration area of Anhui, where caves and fissures developed; long construction period and high cost were caused by serious drilling fluid loss in the drilling process. But good result was achieved by the preparation of asphalt balls which were used in ZK6616 hole for limestone and fractured marble formations plugging. This case can be a good reference to those formations where the conventional plugging means have no effect; and at the same time, it has an important significance for the loss zone drilling.
2022, 49(6):122-129.
DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2022.06.017
Abstract:
Liujia gully is a narrow-steep and high-frequency debris flow gully which is located in Jinchuan county， Aba Prefecture， Sichuan Province. Every raining season，rainfall will lead to debris flow disaster chains. In this paper， the author analyzes the characteristics and the environment of debris flow on the basis of field investigation and field survey. Debris flow parameters under different rainfall frequency are calculated by the rain flood method. The paper also analyzes the possibility of debris flow blocking the main river （Kasa gully） to provide the volume weight required. Many difficulties in treatment of debris flow in narrow-steep gullies and are discussed with the case-dependent measures. The Wenchuan earthquake induced a great mass of collapse and landslide with unit-area loose solid materials in Liujia gully up to 98.11×104 m3， and debris flow happened at higher frequency and amplifed volume at the average longitudinal slope of 409.8‰ leading to the formation of the valley disaster chain consisting of rain + runoff erosion-landslide-landslide dam-weir burst-increasing debris flow-barrier lake-hazardous Kasa gullies. To solve the disaster， we suggest comprehensive treatment measures which include using Gabion stone cage to stabilize the slope and the gully， construction of retaining dams and drainage canals. They can provide reference for treatment of high-frequency narrow steep debris flow disasters in small watersheds.
Liujia gully is a narrow-steep and high-frequency debris flow gully which is located in Jinchuan county， Aba Prefecture， Sichuan Province. Every raining season，rainfall will lead to debris flow disaster chains. In this paper， the author analyzes the characteristics and the environment of debris flow on the basis of field investigation and field survey. Debris flow parameters under different rainfall frequency are calculated by the rain flood method. The paper also analyzes the possibility of debris flow blocking the main river （Kasa gully） to provide the volume weight required. Many difficulties in treatment of debris flow in narrow-steep gullies and are discussed with the case-dependent measures. The Wenchuan earthquake induced a great mass of collapse and landslide with unit-area loose solid materials in Liujia gully up to 98.11×104 m3， and debris flow happened at higher frequency and amplifed volume at the average longitudinal slope of 409.8‰ leading to the formation of the valley disaster chain consisting of rain + runoff erosion-landslide-landslide dam-weir burst-increasing debris flow-barrier lake-hazardous Kasa gullies. To solve the disaster， we suggest comprehensive treatment measures which include using Gabion stone cage to stabilize the slope and the gully， construction of retaining dams and drainage canals. They can provide reference for treatment of high-frequency narrow steep debris flow disasters in small watersheds.
6 Analytical Research on Rational Combination of Drilling Parameters in Diamond Drilling Engineering
TANG Feng-lin
,
CHIKHOTKIN V.F.
,
GAO Shen-you
,
JIANG Guo-sheng
,
PENG Li
,
ZHANG Xiao-xi
,
LU Chun-hua
2015, 42(10):76-80.
Abstract:
Penetration rate, bit footage and cost per meter drilling are main technical and economical indexes of exploration engineering. The indexes depend upon bit selected, drilling parameters used and operation technology. The selected bit should be suitable for hardness, abrasiveness (drillability) of rock to be penetrated. The operation technology mainly depends upon qualification and experience of driller. And selection, definition and their rational combination of the drilling parameters are an important factor, which can not be neglected. Concept about critical drilling parameters has been put. The critical parameters are a red line not to pass, otherwise accident will occur. In normal parameters drilling weight on bit and rotary speed should be rationally combined and flow rate of fluid should guarantee cuttings in the bottom of the hole in normal state in order to obtain good technical and economical results. It is suggested to adjust rational combination of weight on bit and rotary speed and control the appearance of critical drilling parameters with wattmeter seriously and quantity of the drilling fluid in the bottle of the hole with flow meter and to combine drilling with experience with drilling with science.
Penetration rate, bit footage and cost per meter drilling are main technical and economical indexes of exploration engineering. The indexes depend upon bit selected, drilling parameters used and operation technology. The selected bit should be suitable for hardness, abrasiveness (drillability) of rock to be penetrated. The operation technology mainly depends upon qualification and experience of driller. And selection, definition and their rational combination of the drilling parameters are an important factor, which can not be neglected. Concept about critical drilling parameters has been put. The critical parameters are a red line not to pass, otherwise accident will occur. In normal parameters drilling weight on bit and rotary speed should be rationally combined and flow rate of fluid should guarantee cuttings in the bottom of the hole in normal state in order to obtain good technical and economical results. It is suggested to adjust rational combination of weight on bit and rotary speed and control the appearance of critical drilling parameters with wattmeter seriously and quantity of the drilling fluid in the bottle of the hole with flow meter and to combine drilling with experience with drilling with science.
2016, 43(3):75-79.
Abstract:
This paper introduces the mechanism, process, key construction points and construction machinery as well as main parameters in large area, large depth and heavy contaminated site management by high pressure rotary jet grouting and deep mixing methods. The engineering practice proved that these two geotechnical construction technologies have advantages of high quality, good effect, short duration and low investment. The existing problems in the construction were analyzed with suggestions for further study.
This paper introduces the mechanism, process, key construction points and construction machinery as well as main parameters in large area, large depth and heavy contaminated site management by high pressure rotary jet grouting and deep mixing methods. The engineering practice proved that these two geotechnical construction technologies have advantages of high quality, good effect, short duration and low investment. The existing problems in the construction were analyzed with suggestions for further study.
2016, 43(3):27-32.
Abstract:
This study has tried to improve lubricating properties of water-based drilling fluid with adding nano oxide particles to it. Alumina (Al2O3), titania (TiO2) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were selected as modified drilling fluid additives, the study was made on the effects of adding different kinds and concentrations of oxide nanoparticles on lubricating properties and friction reducing of water-based drilling fluid by using the extreme pressure lubrication device and the pin-on-disk friction and wear tester. The results show that the three kinds of spherical nanoparticles all have the effect of lubrication and antifriction, but the drilling fluid containing SiO2 particles has the best properties of lubrication, filtration and antifriction. When the adding amount of SiO2 nanoparticles was 0.4%, the filtration was minimum, the reduction rates of lubricating and friction coefficients were 15.6% and 32.0% respectively with smooth wear scar, the friction reducing effects was the most evident. When the concentration of the nanoparticles was higher than 0.5%, the friction reducing effect decreased with obvious delamination and wear.
This study has tried to improve lubricating properties of water-based drilling fluid with adding nano oxide particles to it. Alumina (Al2O3), titania (TiO2) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were selected as modified drilling fluid additives, the study was made on the effects of adding different kinds and concentrations of oxide nanoparticles on lubricating properties and friction reducing of water-based drilling fluid by using the extreme pressure lubrication device and the pin-on-disk friction and wear tester. The results show that the three kinds of spherical nanoparticles all have the effect of lubrication and antifriction, but the drilling fluid containing SiO2 particles has the best properties of lubrication, filtration and antifriction. When the adding amount of SiO2 nanoparticles was 0.4%, the filtration was minimum, the reduction rates of lubricating and friction coefficients were 15.6% and 32.0% respectively with smooth wear scar, the friction reducing effects was the most evident. When the concentration of the nanoparticles was higher than 0.5%, the friction reducing effect decreased with obvious delamination and wear.
2015, 42(5):57-61.
Abstract:
In the process of designing mechanical rope-arranging device, there are two outstanding problems. First, in order to ensure the rope next to roller shutter to change layers accurately, the transition circular groove with appropriate length should be designed on the end of double helix axis; then the moving distances of a turning circle of the roller rope-arranging device should match with the ropes of different diameters. To solve these problems, equations were established based on the common influencing factors of pitch and transmission ratio for accurate calculation. It is proved by the field testing that the rope-arranging device designed on the basis of the calculation results is practical and reliable.
In the process of designing mechanical rope-arranging device, there are two outstanding problems. First, in order to ensure the rope next to roller shutter to change layers accurately, the transition circular groove with appropriate length should be designed on the end of double helix axis; then the moving distances of a turning circle of the roller rope-arranging device should match with the ropes of different diameters. To solve these problems, equations were established based on the common influencing factors of pitch and transmission ratio for accurate calculation. It is proved by the field testing that the rope-arranging device designed on the basis of the calculation results is practical and reliable.
2010, 37(5):40-44.
Abstract:
Pneumatic DTH drilling technology has been widely applied because of its high drilling efficiency and good borehole quality, but there are still some problems such as mismatch between equipment performance and construction conditions, unfitting to the main parameters and notenough mastering of operation rules. Based on the engineering practice and according to the related literature, the paper discussed the technical issues in DTH drilling.
Pneumatic DTH drilling technology has been widely applied because of its high drilling efficiency and good borehole quality, but there are still some problems such as mismatch between equipment performance and construction conditions, unfitting to the main parameters and notenough mastering of operation rules. Based on the engineering practice and according to the related literature, the paper discussed the technical issues in DTH drilling.
2015, 42(9):5-8.
Abstract:
The paper introduces an improved retrievable eccentric wedge about its sidetracking method, technological measures and the efficiency. Compared with the traditional one, this eccentric wedge has the advantages of fast sidetracking, inclined coring, no accident threat, no influence on subsequent wire-line core drilling, no specific reaming process and reuse of the eccentric wedge, by which the technical difficulties of bit burning were solved with sidetracking for ZK901 in hard rocks.
The paper introduces an improved retrievable eccentric wedge about its sidetracking method, technological measures and the efficiency. Compared with the traditional one, this eccentric wedge has the advantages of fast sidetracking, inclined coring, no accident threat, no influence on subsequent wire-line core drilling, no specific reaming process and reuse of the eccentric wedge, by which the technical difficulties of bit burning were solved with sidetracking for ZK901 in hard rocks.
2015, 42(5):1-7.
Abstract:
Existing form and main physical and mechanical properties of lunar rocks are directly related to the drillability, which are the basic premise and important basis for coring drill designing. Through a lot of investigation and analysis, it is found in samples in coring tubes that 40%～80% lunar rocks are in the form of large diameter particle and the proportion of lunar rocks in lunar samplers is up to 65%. The lunar rocks have wide particle size distribution with the tendency of particle size first decreasing and then increasing along with the depth increasing. Mare basalts is loose, the main physical and mechanical properties are density 3.26～3.51g/cm3, bulk density 3.04～3.34g/cm3, porosity 0～10%, compressive strength about 200MPa and dynamic tensile strength 114～160MPa.
Existing form and main physical and mechanical properties of lunar rocks are directly related to the drillability, which are the basic premise and important basis for coring drill designing. Through a lot of investigation and analysis, it is found in samples in coring tubes that 40%～80% lunar rocks are in the form of large diameter particle and the proportion of lunar rocks in lunar samplers is up to 65%. The lunar rocks have wide particle size distribution with the tendency of particle size first decreasing and then increasing along with the depth increasing. Mare basalts is loose, the main physical and mechanical properties are density 3.26～3.51g/cm3, bulk density 3.04～3.34g/cm3, porosity 0～10%, compressive strength about 200MPa and dynamic tensile strength 114～160MPa.
2014, 41(6):1-7.
Abstract:
Scientific drilling hole NLDS-1 in Ganzhou is one of the 6 boreholes in the pre-research project on the location for CCSD. Because of the complex formations and serious natural bending, the wire-line core drilling was used with high viscosity and high density mud and the drilling trajectory was manually controlled for this borehole. The paper introduces the hole construction technology and innovation achievements, summarizes the experiences in the construction process and expounds the understandings from the technology in deep drilling.
Scientific drilling hole NLDS-1 in Ganzhou is one of the 6 boreholes in the pre-research project on the location for CCSD. Because of the complex formations and serious natural bending, the wire-line core drilling was used with high viscosity and high density mud and the drilling trajectory was manually controlled for this borehole. The paper introduces the hole construction technology and innovation achievements, summarizes the experiences in the construction process and expounds the understandings from the technology in deep drilling.
2016, 43(4):34-39.
Abstract:
Aluminum alloy drill rod has the characteristics of lightweight, high specific strength, deeper drilling depth and so on, its development and application has a great practical significance for improving geological drilling efficiency, promoting scientific drilling technological progress and reducing the energy consumption. This paper presented the current situation of batch and serialization of aluminum alloy rod development and application, and especially introduced aluminum alloy rod about its characteristics of application technology, key trial technologies, laboratory test and popularization. Based on the real drilling application and development trend, new ideas of aluminum alloy rod development for China were put forward.
Aluminum alloy drill rod has the characteristics of lightweight, high specific strength, deeper drilling depth and so on, its development and application has a great practical significance for improving geological drilling efficiency, promoting scientific drilling technological progress and reducing the energy consumption. This paper presented the current situation of batch and serialization of aluminum alloy rod development and application, and especially introduced aluminum alloy rod about its characteristics of application technology, key trial technologies, laboratory test and popularization. Based on the real drilling application and development trend, new ideas of aluminum alloy rod development for China were put forward.
2016, 43(3):1-8.
Abstract:
PDC bits have greatly changed the oil and gas drilling since their introduction in 1973. But PDC bits grew slowly in early about 15 years. Then their growth sped up obviously for innovations and improvements, such as Layered diamond table、NPI patents、Cobalt leaching、 Anti-whirl、 Hydraulics design, Computer Modeling etc. At present，PDC bits drill 90% of worldwide footage. In recent years, NOV has launched 4 types of Helios PDC cutters, which could increase the thermal stability、abrasion resistance、 impact toughness and steerability of PDC bits. Those bits are suitable for drilling hard、abrasive formations, as well as some difficult-to-drill formations with high ROP and durability. Applications were successful in Norway、Middle East、Australia、US Texas etc. ONYX 360° rolling PDC cutter，launched by Schlumberger, which keeps the cutter’s edge sharp and relatively cool, prolonging cutter life and overall bit durability. Applications in many oil and gas field showed that the average ROP of the bits with rolling PDC cutters increased more 40% compared with the bits installed by fixed cutters. The rolling cutter’s bits also increased footage 40%～70% compared with the fixed cutter’s bits.
PDC bits have greatly changed the oil and gas drilling since their introduction in 1973. But PDC bits grew slowly in early about 15 years. Then their growth sped up obviously for innovations and improvements, such as Layered diamond table、NPI patents、Cobalt leaching、 Anti-whirl、 Hydraulics design, Computer Modeling etc. At present，PDC bits drill 90% of worldwide footage. In recent years, NOV has launched 4 types of Helios PDC cutters, which could increase the thermal stability、abrasion resistance、 impact toughness and steerability of PDC bits. Those bits are suitable for drilling hard、abrasive formations, as well as some difficult-to-drill formations with high ROP and durability. Applications were successful in Norway、Middle East、Australia、US Texas etc. ONYX 360° rolling PDC cutter，launched by Schlumberger, which keeps the cutter’s edge sharp and relatively cool, prolonging cutter life and overall bit durability. Applications in many oil and gas field showed that the average ROP of the bits with rolling PDC cutters increased more 40% compared with the bits installed by fixed cutters. The rolling cutter’s bits also increased footage 40%～70% compared with the fixed cutter’s bits.
2016, 43(1):1-3.
Abstract:
2015年探矿工程十大新闻揭晓。
2015年探矿工程十大新闻揭晓。
2016, 43(2):39-42.
Abstract:
Fularchi oilfield in Qiqihar is rich in heavy oil resources with shallow and thin reservoir. Because of the restriction of surface conditions, vertical wells can not be applied in the development. 7 shallow horizontal wells were constructed in this block by 3rd drilling branch of Great Wall drilling company. Due to the short distance from the ground to the target layer in shallow horizontal drilling, some specific technical problems will be showed up during the process of drilling and completion. The difficulties during the construction are analyzed; safe, high quality and efficient drilling are achieved by the design of BHA, geology steering technology and optimized design of drilling fluid.
Fularchi oilfield in Qiqihar is rich in heavy oil resources with shallow and thin reservoir. Because of the restriction of surface conditions, vertical wells can not be applied in the development. 7 shallow horizontal wells were constructed in this block by 3rd drilling branch of Great Wall drilling company. Due to the short distance from the ground to the target layer in shallow horizontal drilling, some specific technical problems will be showed up during the process of drilling and completion. The difficulties during the construction are analyzed; safe, high quality and efficient drilling are achieved by the design of BHA, geology steering technology and optimized design of drilling fluid.
2008, 35(5):13-16.
Abstract:
深部找矿勘探给钻探技术提出了更高的要求.钻孔越深,施工周期越长,孔内往往越复杂,施工难度越大.在复杂地层进行深孔钻探更是如此,护壁技术显得尤为重要.结合近年来进行深孔钻探所遇到的问题,对复杂地层深孔钻进泥浆护壁技术进行了较深入的探讨,并在生产实践中对PHP泥浆和新型LBM泥浆进行了试验应用,取得了较好的效果,对深孔钻探施工具有一定的借鉴意义.
深部找矿勘探给钻探技术提出了更高的要求.钻孔越深,施工周期越长,孔内往往越复杂,施工难度越大.在复杂地层进行深孔钻探更是如此,护壁技术显得尤为重要.结合近年来进行深孔钻探所遇到的问题,对复杂地层深孔钻进泥浆护壁技术进行了较深入的探讨,并在生产实践中对PHP泥浆和新型LBM泥浆进行了试验应用,取得了较好的效果,对深孔钻探施工具有一定的借鉴意义.
2008, 35(7):55-59.
Abstract:
Drilling with simultaneous casing technology has been developed to be an effective method to deal with drilling in complicated formation. The paper introduced the characteristics of DTH drilling with simultaneous casing technology, SP series of simultaneous casing drilling tool and the application of DTH drilling with simultaneous casing technology in drilling in complicated formation, such as control of geological hazard, hydropower construction, foundation treatment for urban high-rise building, highway and railway construction.
Drilling with simultaneous casing technology has been developed to be an effective method to deal with drilling in complicated formation. The paper introduced the characteristics of DTH drilling with simultaneous casing technology, SP series of simultaneous casing drilling tool and the application of DTH drilling with simultaneous casing technology in drilling in complicated formation, such as control of geological hazard, hydropower construction, foundation treatment for urban high-rise building, highway and railway construction.
2012, 39(10):53-57.
Abstract:
Ground-coupled heat pump systems quickly attract attention in the world by the advantages of energy saving and no-pollution to the environment as a hot research topic. The efficiency heat exchanger of the heat transfer is always one of the main problems of the ground source heat pump technology research. Comparing with the traditional single U-shaped, the taking heat conditions of coaxial casing-shaped were also studied, and the experimental study of the collected data were discussed which explained good heat transfer effect.
Ground-coupled heat pump systems quickly attract attention in the world by the advantages of energy saving and no-pollution to the environment as a hot research topic. The efficiency heat exchanger of the heat transfer is always one of the main problems of the ground source heat pump technology research. Comparing with the traditional single U-shaped, the taking heat conditions of coaxial casing-shaped were also studied, and the experimental study of the collected data were discussed which explained good heat transfer effect.
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